Question

14..Explain the nature of the Russian society in the beginning of the twentieth century.

Answer 1

Explanation:

Before the 20th century, Russian society was still feudal.

Russia was ruled by an autocratic monarch called the Tsar. Russian society was still feudal.

In fact, serfs had been emancipated in Russia only in 1861. Even after emancipation, society still remained moored in a traditional hierarchical order.

There  were little signs of Russian moving towards a more democratic or liberal social and political order.

However, this began to change from 1905 after Russia lost the Russo-Japanese war.

The Tsar was widely blamed for the defeat.

The Revolution of 1905 led to efforts to establish a constitutional monarchy but these attempts were thwarted by the Tsar.

Russian economy was primarily agricultural till the Russian Revolution of 1917.

The level of industrialization was low and there were only about three million industrial workers.

Even these workers worked under appalling conditions at very low wages.

The condition of Russian agriculture was also poor.

Agricultural technology was still primitive and peasants could barely produce to feed themselves.

Answer 2

Answer:

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Explanation:

The history of Russia begins with the histories of the East Slavs. The traditional start-date of specifically Russian history is the establishment of the Rus' state in the north in 862 ruled by Vikings.Staraya Ladoga and Novgorod became the first major cities of the new union of immigrants from Scandinavia with the Slavs and Finno-Ugrians. In 882 Prince Oleg of Novgorod seized Kiev, thereby uniting the northern and southern lands of the Eastern Slavs under one authority. The state adopted Christianity from the Byzantine Empire in 988, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Orthodox Slavic culture for the next millennium. Kievan Rus' ultimately disintegrated as a state due to the Mongol invasions in 1237–1240 along with the resulting deaths of about half the population of Rus'.

After the 13th century, Moscow became a cultural center. The territories of the Grand Duchy of Moscow became the Tsardom of Russia in 1547. In 1721 Tsar Peter the Great renamed his state as the Russian Empire, hoping to associate it with historical and cultural achievements of ancient Rus' – in contrast to his policies oriented towards Western Europe. The state now extended from the eastern borders of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to the Pacific Ocean. Peasant revolts were common, and all were fiercely suppressed. The Emperor Alexander II abolished Russian serfdom in 1861, but the peasants fared poorly and revolutionary pressures grew. In the following decades, reform efforts such as the Stolypin reforms of 1906–1914, the constitution of 1906, and the State Duma (1906–1917) attempted to open and liberalize the economy and political system, but the Emperors refused to relinquish autocratic rule and resisted sharing their power.

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