14. WHEN ACIDS AND BASES ARE MIXED IN EQUAT CONCENTRATIONS THEY GIVE A
SOLUTION.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
First, it helps to understand what acids and bases are. Acids are chemicals with a pH less than 7 that can donate a proton or H+ ion in a reaction. Bases have a pH greater than 7 and can accept a proton or produce an OH- ion in a reaction. If you mix equal amounts of a strong acid and a strong base, the two chemicals essentially cancel each other out and produce a salt and water. Mixing equal amounts of a strong acid with a strong base also produces a neutral pH (pH = 7) solution. This is called a neutralization reaction and looks like this:
HA + BOH → BA + H2O + heat
An example would be the reaction between the strong acid HCl (hydrochloric acid) with the strong base NaOH (sodium hydroxide):
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O + heat
The salt that is produced is table salt or sodium chloride. Now, if you had more acid than base in this reaction, not all of the acid would react, so the result would be salt, water, and leftover acid, so the solution would still be acidic (pH < 7 ). If you had more base than acid, there would be leftover base and the final solution would be basic (pH > 7).
A similar outcome occurs when one or both of the reactants are 'weak'. A weak acid or weak base doesn't fully break apart (dissociate) in water, so there may be leftover reactants at the end of the reaction, influencing the pH. Also, water may not be formed because most weak bases are not hydroxides (no OH- available to form water)
Answer:
Acid–base reaction, a type of chemical process typified by the exchange of one or more hydrogen ions, H+, between species that may be neutral (molecules, such as water, H2O; or acetic acid, CH3CO2H) or electrically charged (ions, such as ammonium, NH4+; hydroxide, OH−; or carbonate, CO32−). It also includes analogous behaviour of molecules and ions that are acidic but do not donate hydrogen ions (aluminum chloride, AlCl3, and the silver ion AG+)