15 questions regarding biodiversity of Meghalaya and arunachal pradesh
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Answers
Answer:
Northeast States of India is blessed with a wide range of physiographic and ecoclimatic conditions and the geographical ‘gateway’ for much of India’s endemic flora as well as fauna. It is a home of 17 crop species that represent 47% of the crop species diversity available in the country. The region receives an annual average rainfall of 2000 mm accounting for about 10 % (42.5 mhm) of the country’s total precipitation of 420 mhm. Forest cover in the region is 14.2 million ha which is about 54.16 % of total geographical area which is higher than the national average (19.39 %). By and large, the region is characterized by fragility, marginality, inaccessibility, cultural heterogeneity, ethnicity and rich in biodiversity. Floristically, the region covers 43% of the total plants species that are occurring in India. The rate of endemic species percentage is also high (39%). Two primitive variety of maize, Sikkim Primitive 1 and 2 have also been reported from Sikkim. The region is rich in medicinal plants and many other rare and endangered taxa.
Explanation:
Arunachal Pradesh is situated between 26o28′ and 29o30′ North latitudes and 97o30′ and 97o30′ East Longitudes covering an area of 83743 sq. km. Bio-geographically it is situated fin the Eastern Himalayan province, the richest biogeographical province of the Himalayan zone. The entire territory forms a complex hill system with varying elevations ranging from 50m in the foot-hills and gradually ascending to about 7000m, traversed throughout by a number of rivers and rivulets. Sub Tropical Forest of Arunachal Pradesh. Rainfall varies from 1000mm in higher reaches to 5750mm in the foot-hill areas, spread over 8-9 months excepting the drier days in winter .
This diversity of topographical and climatic conditions has favoured the growth of luxuriant forests which are home to myriad plant and animal forms adding beauty to the landscape. Living in this incredible cradle of nature are the colorful and vibrant tribes of Arunachal Pradesh for whom the forests and the wildlife are of special significance.
Nature has been exceedingly kind and has endowed this beautiful State of Arunachal Pradesh with diverse forests and magnificent wildlife. The richness of life forms i.e. the flora & fauna that occur in these forests presents a panorama of biological diversity with over 5000 plants, about 85 terrestrial mammals, over 500 birds and a large number of butterflies, insects and reptiles. Such an unparalleled occurrence of life forms can be attributed to the peculiar location of the State which is at the junction of the Paleoarctic, indo-Chinese, and Indo-Malayan bio-geographic regions , Biotic elements from all these regions occur in this state making it very rich in floral & faunal resources.
The vegetation of Arunachal Pradesh falls under four broad climatic categories and can be classified in five broad forest types with a sixth type of secondary forests. These are tropical forests, sub tropical forests, pine forests, temperate forests and alpine forests. In the degraded forests bamboos and other grasses are of common occurrence.
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