17) How esters can be produce? What are the uses of esters?
Answers
Answer:
1.esters are used as organic solvent 2.and used to make surfactants eg. soaps 3.and to make plastics
Esters :-
Ester names are derived from the parent alcohol and the parent acid. While simple esters are often called by their common names, all esters can be named using the systematic IUPAC name, based on the name for the acid followed by the suffix “-oate.”
Esters react with nucleophiles at the carbonyl carbon. The carbonyl is weakly electrophilic, but is attacked by strong nucleophiles. The C-H bonds adjacent to the carbonyl are weakly acidic, but undergo deprotonation with strong bases .
Formation of ester :-
Esters are formed when the carboxylic acid is heated with the alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. In this reaction, the concentrated sulphuric acid is used as a catalyst, dry form of hydrogen chloride gas is used in some cases. This method of reaction is used to convert alcohols into an ester. This reaction does not work for the compounds containing the OH- Group directly attached to the benzene ring. This method of reaction is called Esterification Reaction.
Uses of esters :-
Fats and oils are esters produced from the reaction between fatty acids and glycerol, their molecules are called triglyceride ester because each molecule is formed from the reaction of one molecule of glycerol (trihydric alcohol) and three molecules of fatty acids, the acid molecules may be similar or different, saturated long chain or unsaturated short chain.
Esters are used in the manufacturing of soap, the hydrolysis of fats or oils (triglyceride ester) in the presence of a strong alkali, such as (NaOH) or (KOH) to produce glycerol and (sodium or potassium salt of fatty acid) is known as saponification process which is the main reaction in the manufacture of soap.
Esters as medical drugs: Organic esters are used in the manufacture of many drugs such as Aspirin and Marookh oil, the most common and simplest one is aspirin, oil of wintergreen (Marookh oil) is used as a local oil absorbed by the skin to decrease the pains of rheumatism, The acid which is used in the manufacture of these two drugs is salicylic acid, its molecule contains both the carboxylic and hydroxyl groups, It reacts as an acid or as an alcohol.
Esters are utilized in the assembly of polyester.
These are used in food industry as they give good smell and taste. Means they act as flavours
