19. The given flow chart was prepared by
Natasha for sorting materials into different
groups. She handed over the chart to her
teacher with few blanks. Fill in the blanks
from the given options,
Metal ball, Pencil, Salt, Honey, Kerosene oil, Butter
Edible
Non-edible
Soluble in
water
Insoluble in
water
Floats on
water
Sinks in
water
R
Solid
Liquid
Solid
Liquid
P
Q Q
S
т
(A) P-Butter, Q-Honey, R-Salt, S-Metal
ball, T-Kerosene oil, U-Pencil
(B) P-Salt, Q-Honey, R-Butter, S-Pencil,
T-Kerosene oil, U-Metal ball
Answers
Answer:
READ THE PASSAGE CAREFULLY AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:-
THE RELEVANCE OF REPETITION
1. The painstaking memorisation of mathematical tables, historical dates, capitals of
countries and even poems leaves an indelible mark on every adult who has attended
school. However, all educators deprecate this rote system learning by orally reciting
and consigning lessons to memory as mindless and mechanical, which goes against
critical thinking and creativity. But is this dichotomy between creativity and rote
learning part of a lazy binary thinking?
2. We often hear about people who can repeat the entire telephone directory or
memorise the entire dictionary. Indians have a history of highly developed systems of
memorisation, perfected through centuries of Vedic learning. From a typically
Western perspective, the permanency of the written word has been pitted against the
‘unconscious operation of memory’ of oral cultures, and held to be more reliable in
cultural transmission. However, refuting this thesis, Fritz Stall, an Indie scholar
observes that the oral tradition in India is remarkable, “because it has led to scientific
discoveries that are of enduring interest”. Of course, this mugging up can be aural (i.e.
chanting aloud) or visual—mentally storing images in a visual map.
3. The advantages of rote memorisation—like it expands areas of the mind to great
possibilities—are now becoming evident to the world. Various accounts from ancient
India, including those from travellers like I-tsing, point to the fool-proof system of oral
memorisation and the capacity to absorb volumes of data.
4. A parallel dimension of transmission of knowledge also existed in India, with a flexible
mode of oral communication through which knowledge was disseminated. One
instance is the narrative-performative tradition of recitation, which extended basic
story through interpolations, conscious extensions and embedding of sub-narratives.
Many Indian myths, legends, epics, and fables such as Kathasaritsagara and Jataka
stories were spread through this process. While the story remains the same, the
interpretation changes according to who says it, where it is said and how it is said.
While communicating mathematics, philosophy and other scientific disciplines, cryptic
text forms were created, that facilitated memorisation.
5. A related question pertains to cognition—how can we transmit principles using
memorisation as a creative tool rather than as a mechanical process of repetition?
Bhaskara’s Lilavati, the seminal 12th century illustrates how memorisation and
creativity go together.
6. The fact that Bhaskara’s methods still figure in Indian pedagogic consciousness was
recently brought home in a news report on the Ramanujan School of Mathematics in
Patna, which trains youngsters from poor families to clear the Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) entrance test. This year, all the 30 students of the school got through
IITs. Anand Kumar, the school’s founder, called it the “sheer power of practice to
break the so-called IIT code” and a student attributed the success to his teacher’s
ability to teach differential calculus through a “thrilling story of a daring robber”.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS BY CHOOSING THE MOST APPROPRIATE OPTION:
1. All educators condemn rote learning as…………………..
(a) it is a feat of memory
(b) it is a parrot like learning
(c) it is mindless and mechanical
(d) it is against critical thinking and creativity
2. The dichotomy between creativity and rote learning is…………………..
(a) increased by computer literates
(b) initiated by western thinkers
(c) the clash of the cultures of west and east
(d) opposed by Indian scholars
3. The oral tradition in India is called remarkable because…………………..
(a) it has helped to preserve Vedic learning
(b) some of the old texts are still available
(c) it has led to scientific discoveries of enduring interest
(d) it provides capacity to absorb volumes of data
4. Rote learning has its own advantages as…………………..
(a) it promotes learning without understanding
(b) it does not add pressure to the mental faculties
(c) mugging up can be aural as well as visual
(d) it expands areas of the mind to greater possibilities
5. Cryptic texts were created for mathematics, philosophy, etc. because…………………..
(a) these are very simple
(b) these are easy to remember
(c) these are short and easy
(d) they are easy to interpret
6. The word ‘enduring’ in para 2 means…………………..
(a) bear
(b) transitory
(c) lasting
(d) indelible
Answer:
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