Question

199
1994
ܩܩܩܩܘ
ܩܩܩܩܩܩ
'Flow of charges inside a wire
How does a metal conduct electricity? You would think that a low-energy electron
would have great difficulty passing through a solid conductor. Inside the solid, the
atoms are packed together with very little spacing between them. But it turns out
that the electrons are able to travel through a perfect solid crystal smoothly and
easily, almost as if they were in a vacuum. The 'motion of electrons in a conductor,
however, is very different from that of charges in empty space. When a steady current
flows through a conductor, the electrons in it move with a certain average drift speed'.
One can calculate this drift speed of electrons for a typical copper wire carrying a
small current, and it is found to be actually very small, of the order of 1 mm s. How
is it then that an electric bulb lights up as soon as we turn the switch on? It cannot be
that a current starts only when an electron from one terminal of the electric supply
physically reaches the other terminal through the bulb, because the physical drift of
electrons in the conducting wires is a very slow process. The exact mechanism of the
current flow, which takes place with a speed close to the speed of light, is fascinating.
but it is beyond the scope of this book. Do you feel like probing this question at an
advanced level?
FIFCTRIC POTENTIAL AND POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE​

Answer 1

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