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1) Why did Shivaji use some strategic move to fight against Atrakhan?
Ans
Answers
Step-by-step explanation:
1674–1680
Coronation
6 June 1674 (first)
24 September 1674 (second)
Successor
Sambhaji
Born
19 February 1630
Shivneri Fort, Shivneri, Ahmadnagar Sultanate (present-day Maharashtra, India)
Died
3 April 1680 (aged 50)
Raigad Fort, Raigad, Maratha Empire (present-day Maharashtra, India)
Spouse
Sai Bhonsale
Soyarabai
Putalabai
Sakvarbai
Kashibai Jadhav[3]
Issue
Sakhubai Nimbalkar[4]
Ranubai Jadhav
Ambikabai Mahadik
Sambhaji
Rajaram
Rajkumaribai Shirke
House
Bhonsle
Father
Shahaji
Mother
Jijabai
Over the course of his life, Shivaji engaged in both alliances and hostilities with the Mughal Empire, Sultanate of Golkonda and Sultanate of Bijapur, as well as European colonial powers. Shivaji's military forces expanded the Maratha sphere of influence, capturing and building forts, and forming a Maratha navy. Shivaji established a competent and progressive civil rule with well-structured administrative organisations. He revived ancient Hindu political traditions and court conventions and promoted the usage of Marathi language and Sanskrit, rather than the Persian language, in court and administration.
Shivaji's legacy was to vary by observer and time, but nearly two centuries after his death, he began to take on increased importance with the emergence of the Indian independence movement, as many Indian nationalists elevated him as a proto-nationalist and hero of the Hindus.[6]
Shivaji demonstrated great skill in creating his military organisation, which lasted until the demise of the Maratha empire. His strategy rested on leveraging his ground forces, naval forces, and series of forts across his territory. The Maval infantry served as the core of his ground forces (reinforced with Telangi musketeers from Karnataka), supported by Maratha cavalry. His artillery was relatively underdeveloped and reliant on European suppliers, further inclining him to a very mobile form of warfare.[134]
Shivaji was contemptuously called a "Mountain Rat" by Aurangzeb and his generals because of his guerilla tactics of attacking enemy forces and then retreating into his mountain forts.[135][136][137]
Hill forts
Suvela Machi, view of southern sub-plateaux, as seen from Ballekilla, Rajgad
Main article: Shivaji's forts
Hill forts played a key role in Shivaji's strategy. He captured important forts at Murambdev (Rajgad), Torna, Kondhana (Sinhagad) and Purandar. He also rebuilt or repaired many forts in advantageous locations.[138] In addition, Shivaji built a number of forts; the number "111" is reported in some accounts, but it is likely the actual number "did not exceed 18."[139] The historian Jadunath Sarkar assessed that Shivaji owned some 240–280 forts at the time of his death.[140] Each was placed under three officers of equal status, lest a single traitor be bribed or tempted to deliver it to the enemy. The officers acted jointly and provided mutual checks and balance.[141]
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