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The hemoglobin level is expressed as the amount of hemoglobin in grams () per
deciliter (dl) of whole blood, a deciliter being 100 mililiters. The normal ranges for
hemoglobin depend on the age and, beginning in adolescence, the gender of the
person. The normal ranges are:
Age Group
S.
No.
Hemoglobin count
(gm/dl)
1.
17-22
Normal hemoglobin levels in new-born
babies
2.
Normal hemoglobin levels in children
11-13
3.
Normal hemoglobin levels in Adults (Male)
14-18
4.
12-16
Normal hemoglobin levels in adults
(Female)
Normal hemoglobin level in Elderly (Male)
5.
12.4-14.9
6.
Normal hemoglobin levels in Elderly
(Female)
11.7-13.8
Answers
Explanation:
A hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in your blood. Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen to your body's organs and tissues and transports carbon dioxide from your organs and tissues back to your lungs.
If a hemoglobin test reveals that your hemoglobin level is lower than normal, it means you have a low red blood cell count (anemia). Anemia can have many different causes, including vitamin deficiencies, bleeding and chronic diseases.
If a hemoglobin test shows a higher than normal level, there are several potential causes — the blood disorder polycythemia vera, living at a high altitude, smoking and dehydration.
Why it's done
You may have a hemoglobin test for several reson
To check your overall health. Your doctor may test your hemoglobin as part of a complete blood count during a routine medical examination to monitor your general health and to screen for a variety of disorders, such as anemia.
To diagnose a medical condition. Your doctor may suggest a hemoglobin test if you're experiencing weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath or dizziness. These signs and symptoms may point to anemia or polycythemia vera. A hemoglobin test may help diagnose these or other medical conditions.
To monitor a medical condition. If you've been diagnosed with anemia or polycythemia vera, your doctor may use a hemoglobin test to monitor your condition and guide treatment.
How you prepare
If your blood sample is being tested only for hemoglobin, you can eat and drink normally before the test. If your blood sample will be used for other tests, you may need to fast for a certain amount of time before the sample is taken. Your doctor will give you specific instructions.
What you can expect
For a hemoglobin test, a member of your health care team takes a sample of blood by pricking your fingertip or inserting a needle into a vein in your arm. For infants, the sample may be obtained by pricking the heel.
The blood sample is sent to a lab for analysis. You can return to your usual activities immediately after the sample is taken.
Results
The normal range for hemoglobin is:
For men, 13.5 to 17.5 grams per deciliter
For women, 12.0 to 15.5 grams per deciliter
Normal ranges for children vary with age and sex. The range for a normal hemoglobin level may differ from one medical practice to another.
Lower than normal results
If your hemoglobin level is lower than normal, you have anemia. There are many forms of anemia, each with different causes, which can include:
Iron deficiency
Vitamin B-12 deficiency
Folate deficiency
Bleeding
Cancers that affect the bone marrow, such as leukemia
Kidney disease
Liver disease
Hypothyroidism
Thalassemia — a genetic disorder that causes low levels of hemoglobin and red blood cells
If you've been previously diagnosed with anemia, a hemoglobin level that's lower than normal may indicate a need to alter your treatment plan.
Higher than normal results
If your hemoglobin level is higher than normal, it may be the result of:
Polycythemia vera — a blood disorder in which your bone marrow makes too many red blood cells
Lung disease
Dehydration
Living at a high altitude
Heavy smoking
Burns
Excessive vomiting
Extreme physical exercise
If you've been previously diagnosed with polycythemia vera, an elevated hemoglobin level may indicate a need to alter your treatment plan.
If your hemoglobin level is below or above normal, your doctor may want to evaluate the hemoglobin test results along with those of other tests, or additional tests may be necessary, to determine next steps.
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