2
1
Name the two structures 1 and 2.
What are the differences between these two structures ?
. In which structures valves are found ? Write the functions of valves.
Which of the structures are deep seated and which are peripheral ?
Name the structures that connect both 1 and 2 at tissues and write their function.
Answers
Explanation:
Abstract
The mature heart valves are made up of highly organized extracellular matrix (ECM) and valve interstitial cells (VIC) surrounded by an endothelial cell layer. The ECM of the valves is stratified into elastin-, proteoglycan- and collagen-rich layers that confer distinct biomechanical properties to the leaflets and supporting structures. Signaling pathways have critical functions in primary valvulogenesis as well as maintenance of valve structure and function over time. Animal models provide powerful tools to study valve development and disease processes. Valve disease is a significant public health problem and increasing evidence implicates aberrant developmental mechanisms underlying pathogenesis. Further studies are necessary to determine regulatory pathway interactions underlying pathogenesis in order to generate new avenues for novel therapeutics.
Keywords: heart, cardiac development, animal models, valve disease