Question

2) All questions are compulsory.
Q. 1) Read the following passage carefully.
1. Civil engineer is one of the oldest disciplines of engineering. It involves the design
construction and management of infrastructure, highways, railways airports, harbours ,bridges
tunnels ensuring supply of high quality water, among others, and hence the term is used in a
very broad sense. It may not be an exaggeration to state that almost every major project has a
contribution from a civil Engineer. The role of the civil engineering has been continuously
changing. Earlier, engineers would focus their efforts on production of site plans,crank out
drawings, turn them over to contraction and pretty much be done with it. But things are much
more sophisticated these days.
2. Development of landscape today requires thoughtful planning and an understanding of
regulations. Permit requirements are more stringent and more numerous schedules are
constant and owners are mindful of their expenditures.
3. Civil engineers today are expected to stay with the clients and guide them through the
approval and construction process while offering strategy, advice and their experience.
4. Civil engineers are multifaceted, taking on roles and responsibilities that are varied.
Environmental civil engineers focus on all round development of design and construction skill of
working in harmony with nature. With the focus on environmental issues such as waste-water
and sewerage disposal engineers operate as guardians of nature.
5. Structural engineers are responsible for design of buildings, offshore oil platforms etc.
Highway engineers are responsible for design of traffic flow planning, roadway geometry design
etc. Structural engineers are in world in the design of small residential buildings, multi- storeyed
buildings, microwave towers, transmission plans for electricity and 5 plans for water supply and
oil and gas supply.
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using heading and sub-
headings. Use recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary - minimum 4) and a format you​

Answer 1

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