Question

2. Define the following with examples.
a. Amphoteric oxide
b. Endothermic reaction
c. Variable valency
d. Isotopes
e. Nucleons​

Answer 1

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Ans -1 An amphoteric compound is a molecule or ion that can react both as an acid and as a base.

Example: Aluminium oxide and zinc oxide.

Ans -2 The definition of endothermic is a chemical reaction that is accompanied by the absorption of heat, or an organism that generates heat to maintain its temperature.

Example : Melting ice cubes, Melting solid salts.

Ans -3 Metals donate electrons from their valence shell so as to form positively charged ions such that the charge on the ion is equal to its electropositive valency.

Example : Iron combines with oxygen to form ferrous oxides as well as ferric oxide.

Ans -4 Isotopes are versions of the same element. They have the same number of protons and electrons as the element but different mass numbers and number of neutrons.

Example : Carbon-12, carbon-13.

Ans -5 A nucleon is either a proton or a neutron, considered in its role as a component of an atomic nucleus.

Example : Within the nucleus of an atom. Such particles are usually stable within the nucleus, i.e. Lithium-6.

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Answer 2

Answer:

AMPHOTERIC OXIDE

An amphoteric compound is a molecule or ion that can react both as an acid as well as a base. Many metals (such as copper, zinc, tin, lead, aluminium, and beryllium) form amphoteric oxides or hydroxides. Amphoterism depends on the oxidation state of the oxide.

ENDOTHERMIC REACTION

An endothermic process is any process with an increase in the enthalpy H (or internal energy U) of the system.[1] In such a process, a closed system usually absorbs thermal energy from its surroundings, which is heat transfer into the system

VARIABLE VALENCY

Certain elements combine with other atoms, donating, accepting or sharing electrons in different proportions depending on the nature of the reaction. For example, iron combines with oxygen to form ferrous oxide as well as ferric oxide. In the formation of ferrous oxide, iron exhibits a valency of +2, whereas in ferric oxide, it has a valency of +3. This is termed variable valency.

ISOTOPES

Isotope, one of two or more species of atoms of a chemical element with the same atomic number and position in the periodic table and nearly identical chemical behaviour but with different atomic masses and physical properties. Every chemical element has one or more isotopes.

NUCLEON

a proton or neutron especially in the atomic nucleus

, a hypothetical single entity with one-half unit of isospin that can manifest itself as either a proton or a neutron

Explanation:

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