2. Differentiate between the following pairs of terms:
(a) Bowman's capsule and Malpighian capsule (structure)
(b) Diuresis and Uremia (cause and problem)
(c) Renal cortex and Renal medulla (location and
appearance)
(d) Renal pelvis and renal papilla (structure)
(e) Urea and urine
(f) Excretion and secretion (utility)
Answers
Explanation:
Differentiate between the following pairs of terms:
(a) Bowman's capsule and Malpighian capsule (structure)
(b) Diuresis and Uremia (cause and problem)
(c) Renal cortex and Renal medulla (location and
appearance)
(d) Renal pelvis and renal papilla (structure)
(e) Urea and urine
(f) Excretion and secretion (utility)
Answer:
a)Bowman's capsule is a cup-shaped body which continues as a body of tubules. Bowman's capsule and glomerulus together are called Malpighian capsule. Loop of Henle is present in the inner medulla region of kidney.
b) urema:
i)Uremia is the condition of having high levels of urea in the blood. Urea is one of the primary components of urine. It can be defined as an excess of amino acid and protein metabolism end products, such as urea and creatinine, in the blood that would be normally excreted in the urine.
ii)Causes of uremia
Uremia is caused by extreme and usually irreversible damage to your kidneys. This is usually from chronic kidney disease. The kidneys are no longer able to filter the waste from your body and send it out through your urine.
iii)Signs and symptoms
Classical signs of uremia are: progressive weakness and easy fatigue, loss of appetite due to nausea and vomiting, muscle atrophy, tremors, abnormal mental function, frequent shallow respiration and metabolic acidosis.
iv)Uremia can lead to kidney failure when left untreated. Someone with uremia may have seizures, loss of consciousness, heart attacks, and other life-threatening symptoms
diuresis:
i)Diuresis is a condition in which the kidneys filter too much bodily fluid. That increases your urine production and the frequency with which you need to use the bathroom.
ii)Symptoms of diuresis go beyond frequent urination. They also can include: thirst, due to loss of fluids. poor sleep from the frequent need to urinate.
iii)Causes of Diuresis
Diuresis is often a side effect of other medical complications, such as heart failure or kidney failure. It can develop as a response to drug use, a response to certain foods (or drinks), high blood pressure, excessive intake of liquids, a kidney obstruction, or diabetes.
c)Renal Cortex: Renal Cortex refers to the part of the kidney that contains the glomeruli and the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Renal Medulla: Renal medulla refers to the inner-most part of the kidney which is mainly composed of collecting tubules.
d)The renal pelvis is the funnel-like dilated proximal part of the ureter in the kidney. It is present on the inside of the hilum. ... The renal papilla is the apex of a renal pyramid which projects into the lumen of a calyx of the kidney and through which collecting tubules discharge urine.
e) In contrast, mammals (including humans) produce urea from ammonia; however, they also form some uric acid during the breakdown of nucleic acids. In this case, uric acid is excreted in urine instead of in feces, as is done in birds and reptiles. ... Uric acid is also less toxic than ammonia or urea.
f)Excretion” is the removal of material from a living thing while “secretion” is the movement of material from one point to another. ... For an example of excretion, humans excrete such materials as tears, feces, urine, carbon dioxide, and sweat while secretion, on the other hand, includes enzymes, hormones, or saliva.