2.Explain how Mahatma Gandhi conducted Satyagraha movement for the sufferers under the British.
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Answer:
Satyagraha was a novel method of mass struggle introduced by Mahatma Gandhi.Satyagraha is a synthesis of ‘Satya’ meaning truth and ‘Agraha’ means to persuade.It encompassed non-violent modes of protest against the majestic policies of the British.
It represented not physical force but pure soul force. Soul which is informed with knowledge and burns the flame of love. A Satyagrahi could win a battle through soul force by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor.
Mahatma Gandhi organised three Satyagraha movements:
(i) In 1916, he travelled to Champaran to inspire the peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantation system. Finally, the colonial government passed an Act for the welfare of the poor peasants of Champaran in 1918.
(ii) In 1917, he organised a Satyagraha to support the peasants of Kheda in Gujarat.Gandhiji asked the peasants not to pay taxes due to crop failure. This time also the government had to bow and the payment of taxes was deferred to the next year.
(iii) In 1918, Satyagraha movement was organised among the cotton mill-workers in Ahmedabad. As a result their pay was raised.
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Gandhiji came in India in 1915 from Africa .He had fought there too against the racial system by the mass agitation(andolan) .
He organized Satyagrha in Champaran in Bihar for the peasants to fight against the indigo plantation in 1916.
He organized Satyaghra in Ahmedabad among the cotton mill workers in 1918.
He organized Satyaghra movement to support the peasants for relaxation in tax in 1917.
He proclaimed that Satyghra is a pure soul force.
It emphasis the power of truth and the need to search for truth.
One who is against injustice, doesn't need weapons to be conquered.