Question

2. Explain the construction and working
of the follwoing. Draw a neat diagram
and label it.
a. Electric motor​

Answer 1

Construction :-

1. Horseshoe magnet : It provides strong magnetic field.
2. Rectangular loop of copper wire : It has a resistive coating. It is placed in the magnetic field.
3. Split rings : These are two halves of ring connected to lower end of loop. They have resistive coating on their inner surface.
4. Axle : Inner surface of split rings is tightly fitted on axle.
5. Brushes : The outer conducting surfaces of split rings are in contact with two carbon brushes.
6. Battery : It provides electric supply to inner circuit of motor.

Working :-

1. When current flows, circuit is completed.
2. The direction of current through branch AB of loop is opposite to that of in branch CD of loop.
3. According to Fleming's left hand rule, force on branch AB and branch CD is equal but opposite in direction.
4. As a result of this, force on branch AB is in downward direction while force on branch CD is in upward direction.
5. Due to this, the loop and the axle start rotating in an anticlockwise direction.
6. After half rotation, the two halves of split ring X and Y come in contact with carbon brushes F and E respectively and current in loop starts flowing in opposite direction.
7. As a result of this, downward force acts on branch DC and upward force acts on branch BA.
8. Due to this, the loop and axle continue rotating anticlockwise.

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