2) Explain the idea of Satyagraha.
3) describe the three satyagrahas of Gandhiji.
4) What was Rowlatt Act?
5) what was the reaction of Indian people against Rowlatt Act?
6) describe the Jalianwala Baugh tragedy.
7) what was the objective of General Dyer?
8) what happened in the Congress session of Calcutta?
9) What was the main feature of non-cooperation movement?
10) what were the effects of non cooperation movement?
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2) In 1919, Gandhiji gave a call for a satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act that the British had just passed. The act curbed fundamental rights such as the freedom of expression and strengthened police powers.
3) The three local issues were:
*Champaran satyagraha : In the first experiment indigo farmers were encouraged to raise their voice against the oppressive policies of the British.
*Kheda satyagraha : The second experiment was for the farmers who were unable to pay the revenue because of famine and plague epidemic.
*Ahmedabad satyagraha : The third was for the mill workers who were protesting for better wages.
4) The Rowlatt Act of 1919 authorised the British government to arrest and imprison any person without trial and convict him in a court.
5) Reaction of Indian people against the Rowlatt Act :
*rallies and strikes were organised in various places.
*people became angry and destroyed public property.
*meeting at Jallianwala bagh was conducted.
6) In April 1919 there were a number of demonstrations and hartals in the country and the government used brutal measures to suppress them. The Jallianwala bagh atrocities, inflicted by General Dyer in Amritsar on Baisakhi day (13 April), were a part of this repression.
7) The main objective of General Dyer behind the Jallianwala Bagh massacre was to ‘produce a moral effect’. To make feel satyagrahis Terror.
8) At the Calcutta session of Congress, in September 1920, Mahatma Gandhi convinced other leaders of the Congress that they need to start a non-cooperation movement in support of 'Khilafat' as well as for 'Swaraj'.
9) Main features of non-cooperation movement :
*It was launched to protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
*To demand swaraj.
*To bring unity among people whether of the different castes.
10) Once, the Non-Cooperation movement was over, Gandhiji's followers stressed that Congress must undertake constructive work rural areas. Other leaders such as Chitta Ranjan das and Motilal Nehru argued that the party should fight elections to the councils and enter them in order to influence government poilicies.
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