2. FIRST WORLD WAR AND RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
2 State whether the following statements are true or false :
(1) The English were the first to establish colonies in southern part
of Africa towards the end of the 15th Century
(2) Germany had defeated France in the Battle of Sedan.
13) The nationalism in Asia was aggresive and parochial.
(4) The German philosopher (writer) Nietzsche regarded war as a 'sacred
work
(5) Tiny Japan defeated mighty Russia in the Russo - Japanese war in
1904 - 05.
(6) One of the objectives of the League of Nations was to maintain
unity and integrity of every nation.
(7) Four nations participated in the First World War on the side of the
Allied Powers and twenty-four on the side of the Central Powers
(8) The German economy was shattered by the provisions of the Treaty
of Versailles.
(9) France had defeated Germany in the Battle of Sedan
(10) The world was divided into three groups during the First World
War.
Answer the following questions in a word or two:
Answers
Answer:
Dalhousie annexed the states of Satara, Nagpur and Jhansi by applying the Doctrine of Lapse. The annexation transformed the courageous Rani of Jhansi into a staunch enemy of the British.. FIRST WORLD WAR AND RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
2 State whether the following statements are true or false :
(1) The English were the first to establish colonies in southern part
of Africa towards the end of the 15th Century
(2) Germany had defeated France in the Battle of Sedan.
13) The nationalism in Asia was aggresive and parochial.
(4) The German philosopher (writer) Nietzsche regarded war as a 'sacred
work
(5) Tiny Japan defeated mighty Russia in the Russo - Japanese war in
1904 - 05.
(6) One of the objectives of the League of Nations was to maintain
unity and integrity of every nation.
(7) Four nations participated in the First World War on the side of the
Allied Powers and twenty-four on the side of the Central Powers
(8) The German economy was shattered by the provisions of the Treaty
of Versailles.
(9) France had defeated Germany in the Battle of Sedan
(10) The world was divided into three groups during the First World
War.
Answer the following questions in a word or two:Franco-German War, also called Franco-Prussian War, (July 19, 1870–May 10, 1871), war in which a coalition of German states led by Prussia defeated France. The war marked the end of French hegemony in continental Europe and resulted in the creation of a unified Germany.
DATE
July 19, 1870 - May 10, 1871PARTICIPANTS
France
North German Confederation
PrussiaKEY PEOPLE
Clara Barton
Otto von Bismarck
Charles-Denis-Sauter Bourbaki
Léon Gambetta
Marie-Edme-Patrice-Maurice, count de Mac-Mahon
Edwin, Freiherr von Manteuffel
Helmuth von Moltke
Napoleon III
Albrecht Theodor Emil, count von Roon
William ICount Helmuth von Moltke directed German troops through France, much like his nephew Moltke who did the same during World War I.
German troops only left France in September 1873 when the full indemnity had been paid.
Bismarck used diplomacy and political manipulation to keep Italy, Russia, and Britain out of the war, isolating France.Prussia’s defeat of Austria in the Seven Weeks’ War in 1866 had confirmed Prussian leadership of the German states and threatened France’s position as the dominant power in Europe. The immediate cause of the Franco-German War, however, was the candidacy of Prince Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (who was related to the Prussian royal house) for the Spanish throne, which had been left vacant when Queen Isabella II had been deposed in 1868. The Prussian chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, and Spain’s de facto leader, Juan Prim, persuaded the reluctant Leopold to accept the Spanish throne in June 1870. This move greatly alarmed France, who felt threatened by a possible combination of Prussia and Spain directed against it. Leopold’s candidacy was withdrawn under French diplomatic pressure, but Prussian King William I was unwilling to bow to the French ambassador’s demands that he promise to never again allow Leopold to be a candidate for the Spanish throne. Bismarck edited William’s telegraphed description of this interview, and on July 14 he published this provocative message (the Ems telegram), which accomplished his purposes of infuriating the French government and provoking it into a declaration of war.
FRANCO-GERMAN WAR EVENTS
1
2
The French emperor, Napoleon III, declared war on Prussia on July 19, 1870, because his military advisers told him that the French army could defeat Prussia and that such a victory would restore his declining popularity in France. The French were convinced that the reorganization of their army in 1866 had made it superior to the German armies. They also had great faith in two recently introduced technical innovations: the breech-loading chassepot rifle, with which the entire army was now equipped; and the newly invented mitrailleuse, an early machine gun. The French generals, blinded by national pride, were confident of victory.
Napoleon III
Napoleon III
Napoleon III.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Bismarck, for his part, saw war with France as an opportunity to bring the South German states into unity with the Prussian-led North German Confederation and build a strong German Empire. The Germans had superiority of numbers, since, true to Bismarck’s hopes, the South German states (Bavaria, Württemberg, and Baden) regarded France as the aggressor in the conflict and had thus sided with Prussia. An equally important asset was the Prussian army’s general staff, which planned the rapid, orderly movement of large numbers of troops to the battle zones. This superior organization and mobility enabled the chief of the general staff, Gen. Helmuth von Moltke, to exploit German superiority in numbers in most of the war’s battles.