2. Formation of acrosome of sperm (only in animal cells) Explain the meaning of acrosome.
Answers
Answer:
The acrosome is a special kind of organelle with a cap-like structure that covers the anterior portion of the head of the spermatozoon. The acrosome is derived from the Golgi apparatus and contains digestive enzymes.
What is an Acrosome?
The acrosome is one of the main components of a sperm cell overlying the nucleus. It's located on the anterior part of the sperm head where it serves a number of important roles related to fertilization.
Functions
- The acrosome develops during spermiogenesis and is the product of the Golgi complex.
- The biogenesis starts when proacrosomic vesicles generate from the Golgi complex belonging to early spermatids.
- The vesicles then combine forming a single, dense, acrosomic vesicle that ultimately extends to cover about two-thirds of the nuclear surface.
- In the sperm head, the acrosome is located between the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane.
- It also has its own set of membranes consisting of the inner membrane (above the nuclear envelope) and the outer membrane which lies beneath the plasma membrane of the sperm cell head.
Formation of acrosome of sperm
During sexual reproduction, two haploid gametes fuse to form the zygote, and the acrosome is essential to this fusion process (fertilization) in animals. The acrosome is a special kind of organelle with a cap-like structure that covers the anterior portion of the head of the spermatozoon. The acrosome is derived from the Golgi apparatus and contains digestive enzymes. With the progress of our understanding of acrosome biogenesis, a number of models have been proposed to address the origin of the acrosome. The acrosome has been regarded as a lysosome-related organelle, and it has been proposed to have originated from the lysosome or the autolysosome. Our review will provide a brief historical overview and highlight recent findings on acrosome biogenesis in mammals.
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