Question

2. होपच्या उपकरणाची नामनिर्देशित आकृती काढून रचना व कार्य स्पष्ट करा .​

Answer 1

Answer:

होपचे उपकरने आकृती

Explanation:

होपचे उपकरने आकृती

Answer 2

English Translation:

Explain the structure and working of Hope's apparatus with a nomenclature diagram.

Hope's device consists of a vertical water vessel with an ice-filled trough around it on all sides. To determine the water's temperature, two thermometers are positioned above and below the trough.

• Since solids have a higher density than liquids, it is normal for a liquid to turn solid and experience an increase in density.
• However, when it cools, water contracts until 4°C, after which it expands and becomes ice, which has a lower density than water (clear from the fact that ice floats on water). Using a device known as Hope's apparatus, it is possible to illustrate this anomalous (different) behaviour of water.
• This experiment varies the temperature of the water that is placed inside a cylindrical vessel. It takes place in two sets:
• The cylindrical vessel is filled with water that is kept in the first set at a temperature of more than 4°C. The two thermometers' readings are given (it is observed to be the same in the beginning).
• After adding a freezing mixture to the trough that contains salt and ice, the temperature is measured after some time (say, 30 minutes).
• In this instance, it is discovered that the lower portion of the vessel, which is below the trough, has a lower water temperature than the upper portion.
• It can be explained by remembering that the addition of the freezing mixture reduced the temperature of the water and because of an increase in density (above 4°C), the water at lower temperatures sinks down, causing the temperature of the thermometer 2 to be lower than the temperature of the thermometer 1.
• The second set involves filling the cylinder with water that is kept at a temperature close to 4 °C. When the freezing mixture is added, the water's temperature falls below 4 °C, and it starts to expand, reaching the upper half of the container (remember, ice floats on water).
• The temperature of thermometer 1 dropped in comparison to thermometer 2 as a result of the lower temperature of the upper portion of the vessel.
• The water's temperature should fluctuate between 0°C and more than 4°C throughout the experiment to ensure that the shift is visible. The device itself and the water that will fill the vessel are kept at the same temperature.

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