2. Identify the organelles found in animal cells.
A) Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Chloroplast.
B) M.itochondria, Centriole, Golgi complex.
C) Endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, Cell wall.
D) Plasma membrane, Cell wall, Mitochondria.
Answers
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6 Cell Organelles
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6 Cell Organelles
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WRITTEN BY
Melissa Petruzzello
Melissa Petruzzello is Assistant Editor of Plant and Environmental Science and covers a range of content from plants, algae, and fungi, to renewable energy and environmental engineering. She has her M.S....
Microscopic view of chlorophyll in plant cells.
chlorophyll
Microscopic view of chlorophyll in plant cells.
Wilfredo R. Rodriguez H.
Think back to your high school biology class. Do you still remember the names and functions of all those little cell parts? A little foggy on the details, perhaps? Here’s a quick refresher course of some of the major eukaryotic organelles to keep your science skills sharp. It might come in handy for your next game of Trivial Pursuit!
Nucleus
Nucleus of an animal cell. Eukaryotic cell, showing cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus. (photomicrography)
nucleus; animal cell
A micrograph of animal cells, showing the nucleus (stained dark red) of each cell.
age fotostock/SuperStock
Known as the cell’s “command center,” the nucleus is a large organelle that stores the cell’s DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The nucleus controls all of the cell’s activities, such as growth and metabolism, using the DNA’s genetic information. Within the nucleus is a smaller structure called the nucleolus, which houses the RNA (ribonucleic acid). RNA helps convey the DNA’s orders to the rest of the cell and serves as a template for protein synthesis.
Ribosomes
Ribosomes are the protein factories of the cell. Composed of two subunits, they can be found floating freely in the cell’s cytoplasm or embedded within the endoplasmic reticulum. Using the templates and instructions provided by two different types of RNA, ribosomes synthesize a variety of proteins that are essential to the survival of the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum. cell biology
Ribosomes on the outer surface of the endoplasmic reticulum play an important role in protein synthesis within cells.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous organelle that shares part of its membrane with that of the nucleus. Some portions of the ER, known as the rough ER, are studded with ribosomes and are involved with protein manufacture. The rest of the organelle is referred to as the smooth ER and serves to produce vital lipids (fats).
Golgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus (cellular organelle), cell biology
Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus, or complex, plays an important role in the modification and transport of proteins within the cell.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
If the proteins from the rough ER require further modification, they are transported to the Golgi apparatus (or Golgi complex). Like the ER, the Golgi apparatus is composed of folded membranes. It searches the protein’s amino acid sequences for specialized “codes” and modifies them accordingly. These processed proteins are then stored in the Golgi or packed in vesicles to be shipped elsewhere in the cell.
Chloroplasts
Chloroplast (cellular organelle), cell biology
chloroplast structure
The internal (thylakoid) membrane vesicles are organized into stacks, which reside in a matrix known as the stroma. All the chlorophyll in the chloroplast is contained in the membranes of the thylakoid vesicles.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
In plants and some algae, organelles known as chloroplasts serve as the site of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts contain a pigment known as chlorophyll, which captures the sun’s energy to transform water and carbon dioxide into glucose for food. Chloroplasts allow autotrophic organisms to meet their energy needs without consuming other organisms.
Mitochondria
Mitochondrion cut longitudinally.
Mitochondrion cut longitudinally.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
The “powerhouses” of the cell, mitochondria are oval-shaped organelles found in most eukaryotic cells. As the site of cellular respiration, mitochondria serve to transform molecules such as glucose into an energy molecule known as ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP fuels cellular processes by breaking its high-energy chemical bonds. Mitochondria are most plentiful in cells that require significant amounts of energy to function, such as liver and muscle cells.
The correct combination for the organelles found in animal cells is option b. Mitochondria, centriole and Golgi complex. Chloroplast and the cell wall are the characteristic features of plant cells.
- Centrioles are present only in animal cells and help during cell division i.e involved in the organization of mitotic spindle apparatus and further aids in cytokinesis. It is made up of a typical protein called tubulin.
- Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell where the energy currency called ATP is being synthesised. It is a semi-autonomous double membraned structure.
- The Golgi complex is the sorting factory of the cell where proteins are sorted, processed and packed in the form of vesicles to transport to their targeted destinations. It is located near the endoplasmic reticulum.
- Ribosomes are the protein machinery of the cell.
- The Plasma membrane is the outermost boundary of an animal cell.