2.IV] Explain the following concepts.
(1) Dialects
OR
(ii) Karl Marx
Answers
The Marxist ideology first achieved widespread attention courtesy of the 1917 Bolshevik revolution, when Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin led his leftist revolutionaries in a revolt against the ineffective Provisional Government in Petrograd, Russia. This victory catapulted Marxist ideology into direct competition with the reigning liberalist economic orthodoxy. It was the subsequent systematic failure and ultimate collapse of the Soviet Union that inflicted the most damaging blow to the perception and credibility of the Marxist world view. But was Soviet Russia really a shining example of Marxist economics in action? Let’s suspend that supposition for the moment and explore the theory.
Classical historical materialism illuminates class centrality as its defining feature. This Marxist perspective is elegantly articulated by Friedrich Engels in Anti-Dühring, “all past history was the history of class struggles; that these warring classes of society are always the products of the modes of production and of exchange”. Power, unequally distributed by temporal economic arrangements, defines the groups within society and the relations between them. At its core, class analysis within the Marxist tradition is rooted in a set of normative commitments to a form of radical egalitarianism. To understand the critical method Marx applied to his view of the economy one must first understand the divergent critical methods Marx leveraged in developing his framework. Harvey described Marx’s conceptual threads as a new scientific method predicated on the interrogation of the primarily British tradition of classical political economy, using tools of mainly German Hegelian tradition of critical philosophy, applied to illuminate the mainly French utopian impulse.
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