Question

2. London or dispersion forces are due to the presence of:
1) Dipole
2) Ions
3) Induced momentary dipole
4) A11​

Answer 1

London or dispersion forces are due to the presence of induced momentary dipole.

What are London forces?

• These types of force exist in almost all types of atoms or molecules. Due to its existence, it is possible to transform non-polar gaseous molecules or inert gaseous molecules to its liquid form.
• The value of the London force depends upon the polarisability of the atoms or molecules.
• Polarisability increases with increase in the number of electrons and therefore with increasing atomic or molecular sizes. Therefore, London forces are generally stronger for atoms or molecules having large sizes.

Answer 2

London or dispersion forces are due to the presence of (3) Induced momentary dipole

Explanation:

• When two neighboring elements exchange locations that cause them to generate transient dipoles, London or dispersion forces are formed. This occurs when a dipole is distributed irregularly around the nucleus.

• When the original dipole arises and causes deformation of the second atom or molecule, electrostatic attraction occurs. As a result, even the polar molecules in London or dispersion forces are virtually touching.

• Larger and heavier things, by definition, have more dispersion, and vice versa. This is because valence electrons in bigger atoms are farther out from the nucleus and less tightly linked, allowing for simple mobility from transient dipoles.