Question

2) Make a précis in about 1/3 of the following passage in and give it a title.

We all agree that the growth of industries will increase our material wealth and that our needs

in terms of food, clothing and housing will be adequately provided. But man has other needs

too-the need for human relationship, love and sympathy, the need for a sense of dignity and

worth, and the need for a sense of security. These are also basic human needs, and if they are

not satisfied, there will be individual discontent and social conflict. Industrialization has not

helped to satisfy these needs. In fact, it has made matters worse. Let us look at the change in the

nature of work itself. The independent work of the artisan has now changed into the work of the

assembly line. A complete unit of work has been split into fragments of work, each worker now

doing only one part of the work. This becomes a dull routine, and it denies the worker the joy

and satisfaction of making some complete article. A weaver in the non-industrialized

community, for example, weaved cloth with patterns and designs that required a high degree of

skill and expression of artistic ability. As a worker in the mill, he is no longer a weaver, the loom

has become the weaver and the weaver has become the loom attendant. His work may have

become simpler, easier. But this itself has made him lose his sense of importance and dignity

which he carried into his whole life as a human being. By being limited to only one stage in

production and to a dull, monotonous routine, any worker not only suffers from lack of interest

in the factory, but also from a poor sense of his own worth in society.

There has been also a change in the pattern of social relationships in the worker’s life. The

cottage weaver had a set of relationships with the people working with him, who were generally

members of his own family. They acted as his helpers when necessary. The weaver was not only

the head of the productive unit but also the head of the family. In industrial society, however,

the worker is no longer the head of the productive unit nor of the group of workers. He has

become a mere part of a machine, with nobody paying any special attention to his needs or

wants. Also, the cottage weaver, while at work, was in a position to talk to his co-workers, that

is, his family members, whenever he felt inclined. In the mill, the din and noise of machinery is

so great and the worker’sattention is so constantly needed that it is no longer possible for him

to have much social relationship with his neighbours. In fact, he works in an isolated social

atmosphere. The strain of the speed of machinery also affects the worker’s life. In the past, a

worker’s pace of work depended on his skill or mood. Now the speed of the loom leaves no

choice for the worker to be fast or slow. For workers who largely come from villages, where they

enjoyed a lot of freedom, the strain of fast machinery is naturally great. So they are often so tired

and exhausted after work that they cannot attend to the tasks of family and community life.​

Answer 1

Answer:

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