2. Metamorphic rocks are more compact and dense
3.Copper is extracted from pyrite.
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Fool's Gold" redirects here. For other uses, see Fool's Gold (disambiguation).
This article is about iron pyrite. For other pyrite minerals, see Pyrite group.
The mineral pyrite (/ˈpaɪraɪt/),[1] or iron pyrite, also known as fool's gold, is an iron sulfide with the chemical formula FeS2 (iron (II) disulfide). Pyrite is the most abundant sulfide mineral.
Pyrite
2780M-pyrite1.jpg
Pyrite cubic crystals on marl from Navajún, La Rioja, Spain (size: 95 by 78 millimetres [3.7 by 3.1 in], 512 grams [18.1 oz]; main crystal: 31 millimetres [1.2 in] on edge)
General
Category Sulfide mineral
Formula
(repeating unit) FeS2
Strunz classification 2.EB.05a
Dana classification 2.12.1.1
Crystal system Isometric
Crystal class Diploidal (m3)
H-M symbol: (2/m 3)
Space group Pa3
Unit cell a = 5.417 Å, Z = 4
Identification
Formula mass 119.98 g/mol
Color Pale brass-yellow reflective; tarnishes darker and iridescent
Crystal habit Cubic, faces may be striated, but also frequently octahedral and pyritohedral. Often inter-grown, massive, radiated, granular, globular, and stalactitic.
Twinning Penetration and contact twinning
Cleavage Indistinct on {001}; partings on {011} and {111}
Fracture Very uneven, sometimes conchoidal
Tenacity Brittle
Mohs scale hardness 6–6.5
Luster Metallic, glistening
Streak Greenish-black to brownish-black
Diaphaneity Opaque
Specific gravity 4.95–5.10
Density 4.8–5 g/cm3
Fusibility 2.5–3 to a magnetic globule
Solubility Insoluble in water
Other characteristics paramagnetic
References [2][3][4][5]
Pyrite's metallic luster and pale brass-yellow hue give it a superficial resemblance to gold, hence the well-known nickname of fool's gold. The color has also led to the nicknames brass, brazzle, and Brazil, primarily used to refer to pyrite found in coal.[6][7]
The name pyrite is derived from the Greek πυρίτης λίθος (pyritēs lithos), "stone or mineral which strikes fire",[8] in turn from πῦρ (pyr), "fire".[9] In ancient Roman times, this name was applied to several types of stone that would create sparks when struck against steel; Pliny the Elder described one of them as being brassy, almost certainly a reference to what we now call pyrite.[10]
By Georgius Agricola's time, c. 1550, the term had become a generic term for all of the sulfide minerals.[11]
Pyrite under normal and polarized light
Pyrite is usually found associated with other sulfides or oxides in quartz veins, sedimentary rock, and metamorphic rock, as well as in coal beds and as a replacement mineral in fossils, but has also been identified in the sclerites of scaly-foot gastropods.[12] Despite being nicknamed fool's gold, pyrite is sometimes found in association with small quantities of gold. A substantial proportion of the gold is "invisible gold" incorporated into the pyrite (see Carlin-type gold deposit). It has been suggested that the presence of both gold and arsenic is a case of coupled substitution but as of 1997 the chemical state of the gold remained controversial.[13]
3.Copper is extracted from pyrite