Question

2. Name different types of Plastids. Also write their functions?

Answer 1

Answer:

Types of Plastids

There are different types of plastids with their specialized functions. Among which few are mainly classified based on the presence or absence of the Biological pigments and their stages of development.

Chloroplasts

Chromoplasts

Gerontoplasts

Leucoplasts

Plastids

Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts are biconvex shaped, semi-porous, double membraned, cell organelle found within the mesophyll of the plant cell. They are the sites for synthesizing food by the process of photosynthesis.

Chromoplasts

Chromoplasts is the name given to an area for all the pigments to be kept and synthesized in the plant. These can be usually found in flowering plants, ageing leaves and fruits. Chloroplasts convert into chromoplasts. Chromoplasts have carotenoid pigments that allow different colours that you see in leaves and fruits. The main reason for its different colour is for attracting pollinators.

Gerontoplasts

These are basically chloroplasts that go with the ageing process. Geronoplasts refer to the chloroplasts of the leaves that help to convert into different other organelles when the leaf is no longer using photosynthesis usually in an autumn month.

Leucoplasts

These are the non-pigmented organelles which are colourless. Leucoplasts are usually found in most of the non-photosynthetic parts of the plant like roots. They act as a storage sheds for starches, lipids, and proteins depending on the need of the plants. They are mostly used for converting amino acids and fatty acids.

Leucoplasts are of three types:

Amyloplasts – Amyloplasts are greatest among all three and they store and synthesize starch.

Proteinoplasts – Proteinoplasts helps in storing the proteins that a plant needs and can be typically found in seeds.

Elaioplasts -Elaioplasts helps in storing fats and oils that are needed by the plant.

Inheritance of Plastids

There are many plants which are inherited from the plastids from just a single parent. Angiosperms inherit plastids from the female gamete while there are many gymnosperms that inherit plastids from the male pollen. Algae inherit plastids from one parent only. The inheritance of the plastids-DNA seems to be 100% uniparental. In hybridisation, the inheritance of plastid seems to be more erratic.

Answer 2

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Typesofplastids:−

➥ Chloroplasts.

➥ Chromoplasts.

➥ Gerontoplasts.

➥ Leucoplasts

Functions:−

✧Chloroplasts

The most important function of hloroplast is to make food by the process of photosynthesis. Food is prepared in the form of sugars. During the process of photosynthesis sugar and oxygen are made using light energy, water, and carbon dioxide. Light reactions takes place on the membranes of the thylakoids.

✧Chromoplasts

The main evolutionary purpose of chromoplasts is to attract animals and insects to pollinate their flowers and disperse their seeds. The bright colors often produced by chromoplasts is one of many ways to achieve this. Many plants have evolved symbiotic relationships with a single pollinator.

✧Gerontoplasts

A plastid that forms from chloroplast during senescence Supplement Plastids are organelles involved in the synthesis and storage of food. They are found within the cells of photosynthetic eukaryotes.

✧Leucoplasts

Leucoplasts are colorless plastids found in endosperm, tubers, roots and other non-photosynthetic tissues of plants. They serve various functions, for example, storage of starch, lipids, or proteins. Plastids of these three types are respectively known as amyloplasts, elaioplasts, and proteinoplasts.

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