Question

2. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The work of the heart can never be interrupted. The heart's job is to keep oxygen-rich blood
flowing through the body. All the body's cells need a constant supply of oxygen, especially
those in the brain. The brain cells live only four to five minutes after their oxygen is cut off,
and death comes to the entire body. The heart is a specialized muscle that serves as a pump
This pump is divided into four chambers connected by tiny doors called valves. The
chambers work to keep the blood flowing round the body in a circle,
At the end of each circuit, veins carry the blood to the right atrium, the first of the four
chambers. Its oxygen has been used up and it is on its way back to the lung to pick up a fresh
supply and to give up the carbon dioxide it has accumulated From the right atrium the blood
flows through the tricuspid valve into the second chamber, the right ventricle. The right
ventricle contracts when it is filled, pushing the blood through the pulmonary artery, which
leads to the lungs. In the lurigs the blood gives up its carbon dioxide and picks up fresh
oxygen, then it travels to the third chamber, the left atrium. When this chamber is filled, it
forces the blood through the mitral valve to the left ventricle. From here it is pushed into a
big blood vessel called aorta and sent round the body by way of arteries,
Heart diseases can result from damage to the heart muscle, the valves or the pacemaker. If
the muscle is damaged, the heart is unable to pump properly. If the valves are damaged,
blood cannot flow normally and easily from one chamber to another, and if the pacemaker is
defective, the contractions of the chambers will become un-co-ordinated Until the Twentieth
century, few doctors dared to touch the heart. In 1953, all this changed
After twenty years of work, Dr. John Gibbon of U.S.A had developed a machine that could
take over temporarily from the heart and lungs Blood could be routed through the machine,
bypassing the heart so that surgeons could work inside it and see what they were doing. The
era of open heart surgery had begun. In the operating theatre, it gives surgeons the chance to
repair or replace a defective heart. Many patients have had plastic valves inserted in their
hearts when their own were faulty. Many people are being kept alive with tiny battery-
Pavas​

Answer 1

Answer:

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