Question

2. The exudate on Jason’s tonsils consisted primarily of neutrophils, and the CBC that was performed indicated that the number of neutrophils in his circulation was increased. What role do neutrophils play in the resolution of a bacterial infection? In the course of your answer explain terms such as adhesion molecules, diapedesis, chemotaxis, opsonization, and phagocytosis.

Your answer: (fill in the blanks)

Neutrophils are the body’s primary defense against bacterial pathogens, and an elevation of the total white blood cell count due to an increase in the number of neutrophils is referred to as a neutrophilic leukocytosis.

Neutrophils are carried to a site of inflammation via the Answer
Answer
. The Answer
cells lining a Answer
adjacent to a site of inflammation will express on their cell surface adhesion molecules which will be complementary for a set of Answer
molecules expressed on the surface of circulating Answer
. After the Answer
adhere to the endothelial cells, they take advantage of the fact that the normally very small space between adjacent endothelial cells has been widened by the vasoactive chemicals, and squeeze between endothelial cells and enter the interstitial space outside of the blood vessel. The process by which Answer
cross the walls of blood vessels is called Answer
. (By the way, have you ever wondered why neutrophils have a segmented Answer
? It’s much easier to pass one segment at a time through the narrow interendothelial space than the entire Answer
at once.)

Once outside of the blood vessel, neutrophils follow a 'trail' created by the diffusion of chemicals away from the bacteria. This is a receptor-mediated process and is called Answer
. Remember, these cells lack eyes and ears, and they don’t have radar or sonar. They can only respond to their immediate microenvironment through receptors located on their cell surface.

When they are in the immediate vicinity of the bacteria, the neutrophils will recognize the bacteria as objects to be phagocytized (eaten) by the presence of antibody molecules and complement proteins coating the outside of the bacteria. The facilitation of phagocytosis by the coating of an object by antibodies and complement proteins is called Answer
.

It is important to understand that antibiotics alone will not cope satisfactorily with most bacterial infections. Adequate numbers of normally functioning neutrophils are also required.

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