Question

2. The human ear is sensitive to sounds between about 20 Hz and 20 kHz. (The ability to hear
high frequencies diminishes with age. It can also be greatly reduced by prolonged exposure to
loud sounds.) Taking the speed of sound in air as 340 ms, calculate the corresponding range of
wavelengths.

Answer 1

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Explanation:The healthy, young auditory system can detect tones in quiet with frequencies ranging from approximately 20 to 20000 Hz. Figure 2-2 displays the standardized average thresholds for detecting tonal sounds of different frequencies when the sounds are approximately 500 milliseconds (ms) in duration. The sounds to be detected can be presented over calibrated headphones (minimal audible pressure, MAP, measures) or from a loudspeaker in a calibrated free-field environment (minimal audible field, MAF, measures). The headphones can be circumaural, that is, with a headphone cushion that fits around the pinna and the earphone speaker resting against the outside of the outer ear canal, or they can be insert earphones whose earphone loudspeaker fits within the outer ear canal. The thresholds are expressed in terms of decibels of SPL, where zero (0) dB SPL means that the sound pressure level is 20 micropascals (i.e., the referent sound pressure (pref) is 20 micropascals). Upper limits of hearing, indicating the maximum SPL that the auditory system can tolerate, are also indicated in Figure 2-2. Thus, the dynamic range of hearing covers approximately 130 dB in the frequency region in which the human auditory system is most sensitive (between 500 and 4000 Hz). The thresholds for detecting a tonal sound increase as the duration of the sound to be detected decreases at durations shorter than 500 ms, but remain approximately constant as the duration increases above 500 ms.