Question

2. The Secretary, Sarasvati Vihar Welfare Society, wants to caution
the residents against the misuse of water in summer due to
acute water shortage. Draft a notice for him in about 50 words.
​

Answer 1

Explanation:

With temperatures around 700 K and pressures of around 75 bar, the deepest 12 kilometres of the atmosphere of Venus are so hot and dense that the atmosphere behaves like a supercritical fluid. The Soviet VeGa-2 probe descended through the atmosphere in 1985 and obtained the only reliable temperature profile for the deep Venusian atmosphere thus far. In this temperature profile, the atmosphere appears to be highly unstable at altitudes below 7 km, contrary to expectations. We argue that the VeGa-2 temperature profile could be explained by a change in the atmospheric gas composition, and thus molecular mass, with depth. We propose that the deep atmosphere consists of a non-homogeneous layer in which the abundance of N2 - the second most abundant constituent of the Venusian atmosphere after CO2 - gradually decreases to near-zero at the surface. It is difficult to explain a decline in N2 towards the surface with known nitrogen sources and sinks for Venus. Instead we suggest, partly based on experiments on supercritical fluids, that density-driven separation of N2 from CO2 can occur under the high pressures of Venus’s deep atmosphere, possibly by molecular diffusion, or by natural density-driven convection. If so, the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere of Venus is 15% lower than commonly assumed. We suggest that similar density-driven separation could occur in other massive planetary atmospheres.

The unexplained behavior of the CO2/N2 mixture in the temperature and pressure conditions of the deep atmosphere of Venus needs to be confirmed. First, it illustrates how important it is to go back to Venus to make additional in-situ measurements down to the surface. Second, further studies are needed, both theoretical and experimental. The compositional gradient deduced from our interpretation of the VeGa-2 profile (5 ppm/m) could be measured in a large experimental tank where Venus’ atmospheric conditions can be reproduced. Such a result could trigger interest for theoretical and experimental studies dedicated to other binary mixtures, that could be relevant for the high-pressure atmospheres of giant planets of our own solar system.

Answer 2

$\Large{\underline{\mathfrak{Answer:-}}}$

⠀Saraswati Vihar Welfare Society

⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀NOTICE

17th july,2020

⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀Necessary Appeal

After reviewing the wide shortage of water in our society and whole country, Our society welfare club has decided to take a step for it.All of the members of society are appealed to use water very judiciously and take necessary steps to stop misusing of water.Some of suggestive measures are :-

• Wash your car with buckets and avoid use of motor pump/Fountains
• Also, use bucket while Bathing.It saves a lot of water.
• Do not leave tap open while brushing, washing utensils and at other works.

Please opt this methods and suggest your family neighbours too. Let's give your helping hand in this situation and help our nation to solve this problem. Save water, Save life .

President Lavendaire

Saraswati Vihar Welfare Society

Note : Put this notice in box (according to format).