2. What are the different types of government ?
Explain each , with examples.
Answers
Explanation:
This lesson will differentiate five forms of government: monarchy, democracy, oligarchy, authoritarianism, and totalitarianism.
Power Defined. Sociology is the study of human social behavior, human development, organizations, and institutions. ...
Monarchy. Let's begin with monarchy. ...
Democracy. ...
Answer:
1. Anarchy
Having its roots from the Greek word meaning ‘no rule’, anarchy is a state of absence of law. The theory of anarchism proposes to do away with any kind of existing governments and build a society wherein each person has the freedom to exercise his will, without any controlling authority. There is Anarchism in Algeria,Anarchism in Argentina , Anarchism in Australia, Anarchism in Azerbaijan.
2. Democracy
Originating in Ancient Greece, democracy means ‘rule of the people’.The term today refers to a political system in which the people or their elected representatives govern themselves, rather than being governed, so everyone has an equal say in the decisions affecting their lives. Examples of democratic countries are India, Iceland, Sweden, New Zealand, Denmark, Canada.
3. Monarchy
It is the type of government having a hereditary chief of state(a king or queen), usually known as a monarch, with life tenure and powers varying from nominal, where the powers of the monarch are regulated by a constitution, to absolute, where the monarch enjoys unlimited powers. Most modern states with monarchic rule are constitutional monarchies, with laws framed to protect the rights of citizens. The era of absolute monarchs almost seems to have vanished now and it is something that we hardly see. Monarchies are Bahrain, Belgium, Bhutan, Darussalam, Cambodia, Denmark, Jordan, Kuwait, Lesotho, Principality of Liechtenstein, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Malaysia
4. Tyranny
The roots of this kind of rule from the Latin ‘tyrannia’, meaning the rule of a tyrant (a cruel master). It is the government or authority of an absolute ruler; hence, arbitrary exercise of power over subjects and others not requisite for the purposes of government or approved by law and justice. Such a rule has a negative connotation as it is often characterised by the threat of punishment and violence. Belarus, Burma, Cuba, Iran, North Korea and Zimbabwe are examples of outposts of tyranny.
5. Republic
Republic is a government whose authority is based on citizen voters, which are represented by elected or nominated officials chosen in free elections, as opposed to a monarchy or a dictatorship where the supreme power lies with the ruler. Examples - Argentine Republic Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
6. Totalitarian
Easy to decipher from the ‘total’; a totalitarian system is the one in which a single political authority regulates total control over the state that is centralised and dictatorial. It advocates complete subservience to the political authority which controls. Notable examples of totalitarian states include Italy under Benito Mussolini (1922–43), the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin (1924–53), Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler (1933–45), the People's Republic of China under the influence of Mao Zedong (1949–76), and North Korea under the Kim dynasty (1948– ).
7. Oligarchy
The word is from the Greek term for “rule of the few.” It is a form of power structure in which power effectively rests with a faction of persons or families. The people that form the ruling group are usually a group of distinguished people in terms of wealth or power who pass their influence from one generation to the next. Examples of this system include South Africa under apartheid, Liberia under Americo-Liberians, the Sultanate of Zanzibar, and Rhodesia.
8. Federation
It can be defined as political organisation characterised by the union of small states, groups or parties, which are self-governed in internal affairs and are united under a central government. The division of power among the states and the central governing body is typically constitutionally entrenched. A federal government having the constitutional structure that can be considered the opposite of a unitary state system . Leading examples of the federation or federal state include the United States, India, Brazil, Mexico, Russia, Germany, Canada, Switzerland, Argentina, and Australia.
9. Theocracy
A government of a state by priests ruling in the name of God or gods, or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided, or consistent with the doctrines and principles of a particular religion or religious community. There is little room for dissent as the divine order is considered unquestionable and absolute. Examples of Theocratic countries - Yemen, Vatican City , Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Mauritania
10. Communism
Derived from the French Commun(common), it is a revolutionary socialist movement aimed at creating a classless society that abolishes private ownership. The property is held by the community rather than the individuals and all activity is controlled by the government. As a system of government, communism is often closer to a form of socialism, in which the state owns and operates industry on behalf of the people. Today, the existing communist states in the world are in China, Cuba, Laos and Vietnam.