Question

2. What do you understand by "anomalous expansion of water.​

Answer 1

Answer:

The anomalous expansion of water is an abnormal property of water whereby it expands instead of contracting when the temperature goes from 4o C to 0o C, and it becomes less dense. The density is maximum at 4 degree centigrade and decreases below that temperature as shown in graph

Explanation:

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Answer 2

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$\Large{\green{\tt{\underline{\underline{Anomalous \ expansion \ of \ water}}}}}$

Liquids expand on heating and contract on cooling at moderate temperatures. But water exhibits an exceptional behaviour. Consider 1 kg of water at 0 ºC. When it is heated from 0 ºC, it actually contracts rather than expanding, up to 4 ºC. The volume of water is minimum at 4 ºC. Beyond 4 ºC, water starts expanding. This behaviour of water between 0 ºC and 4 ºC is called anomalous expansion of water.

$\Large{\purple{\mid{\overline{\underline{\sf{\blue{Consequences \ of \ anomalous \ expansion \ of \ water}}}}}}}{\Large{\purple{\mid}}}$

☯ In cold countries, the temperature of the atmosphere starts falling well below 0 ºC in winter. When the temperature falls, the water on the surface of a pond or a lake, initially above 4 ºC, begins to give heat energy to the atmosphere. So, the temperature of the water on the surface decreases, and it contracts.

☯ If the water on the surface contracts, its density increases. Therefore, it sinks to the bottom. This process continues till the temperature of all the water in the pond or lake falls to 4 ºC. Now, as the temperature of the water on the surface decreases below 4 ºC, it starts expanding instead of contracting, and its density decreases. So the water does not sink, but remains on the surface.

☯ When the temperature of the surrounding falls below 0 ºC, the temperature of the water on the surface of the lake or pond also decreases to 0 ºC, and it gets converted into ice. As ice is a bad conductor of heat, the ice on the surface does not allow heat to pass from the water to the atmosphere. Thus, the water below the layer of ice remains at 4 ºC. As a result, fishes, other aquatic animals, and plants can survive.

☯ In winter, water pipelines sometimes burst. This is because water starts expanding when its temperature falls below 4 ºC. It exerts pressure on the pipe carrying it. The pressure is so huge that the pipe bursts. Sometimes, water enters the long narrow gaps or cracks in rocks.

☯ When the temperature of the surrounding falls below 4 ºC, the water starts to expand. As there is no place for the water to expand, it exerts a huge pressure on the rocks, and, as a result, the rocks break. Similarly, when the temperature of the atmosphere falls below 4 ºC, the water in plant nerves or capillaries expands. Due to the expansion, the plant nerves or capillaries burst and cause the death of the plant

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