Question

2. What is magnetism? Describe an activity to differentiate between magnetic and non-magnetic
substances.​

Answer 1

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Magnetism is a property of materials that respond at an atomic or subatomic level to an applied magnetic field. 

Materials that get attracted toward magnets are known as magnetic substances.

Materials that do not get attracted toward magnet are known as non-magnetic substances.

Iron balls, nails, and coins are made up of magnetic materials as they are attracted toward magnets. Plastic scales, leather shoes, and candles are made up of non-magnetic materials as they are not attracted toward magnets.

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Answer 2

Magnetic materials are materials having a magnetic domain and are attracted to an external magnetic field. These materials are strongly attracted by magnets. Most of the magnetic materials can be converted into permanent magnets by magnetization. These materials are basically divided into two groups as magnetically hard and soft materials. Magnetically soft materials can be easily magnetized, but their magnetism is temporary. Magnetically hard materials can be magnetized using a strong magnetic field, and their magnetic properties are permanent.

Apart from that, the magnetic materials are divided into several groups based on the magnetic properties.

Examples for magnetic materials include ferrite (pure iron), neodymium (a rare earth metal), magnetite, hematite (both magnetite and hematite are oxides of iron), cobalt, nickel, iron and their metal alloys, etc.

Magnetism is a class of physical phenomena that are mediated by magnetic fields. Electric currents and the magnetic moments of elementary particles give rise to a magnetic field, which acts on other currents and magnetic moments. Magnetism is one aspect of the combined phenomenon of electromagnetism.

Non-magnetic materials are materials that are not attracted to an external magnetic field. This means non-magnetic materials are not attracted to a permanent magnet. These materials show no or slight response to a magnetic field. That is because the magnetic domains of a non-magnetic material are arranged in a random manner that causes the magnetic moments of these domains to be cancelled out.

The examples of non-magnetic materials include some metals and alloys such as steel, cast iron, alloys of copper and aluminium, etc. And also, polymer materials, wood and glass are also non-magnetic materials. These materials are used to produce parts of some operating systems where no magnetic effect are expected. And also, these materials are used to make the casing of compass and many other things.

Magnetic materials are attracted to permanent magnets while non-magnetic materials are not. The difference between magnetic and non-magnetic materials is that the magnetic materials are attracted to an external magnetic field due to their proper alignment of magnetic domains whereas non-magnetic materials are repelled from an external magnetic field due to their random arrangement of magnetic domains.