2. What is sewage? Explain why it is harmful to discharge untreated sewage into rivers or seas. 3. Why should oils and fats be not released in the drain? Explain. 4. Describe the steps involved in getting clarified water from wastewater. 5. What is sludge? Explain how it is treated. 6. Untreated human excreta is a health hazard. Explain. 7. Name two chemicals used to disinfect water. 8. Explain the function of bar screens in a wastewater treatment plant. 9. Explain the relationship between sanitation and disease. 10. Outline your role as an
Answers
Answer:
the waste material from people’s bodies that is carried away from their homes in water in large underground pipes (sewers)
Explanation:
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Answer 2
Sewage is a liquid containing wastes which is disposed by households, industrial and agricultural activities in water. It is harmful to discharge untreated sewage into rivers or seas because it can pollute the whole sources of water. Sewage contains harmful substances and disease causing organisms.
Answer 3
Oils and fats are insoluble in water. When released in the drain, it causes hardening and blocking of the sewage pipes. In an open drain, the fats block the soil pores which is required for filtering water. That is why oil and fats should not be released in the drain.
Answer 4
Wastewater is passed through bar screens which remove large objects like rags, sticks, cans, plastic packets, napkins etc.
Water then goes through Grit and Sand removal tank, where sand, grit and pebbles settle down.
Water is then allowed to settle in a tank where solids like faeces (called sludge) settle at the bottom and are removed with a scraper. A skimmer removes the floatable solids like oil and grease. Water so cleared is called clarified water. Sludge is used to produce biogas.
Clarified water is then passed through an aerator tank where air is pumped into the water. It helps aerobic bacteria to grow which decompose organic matter like human waste.
Answer 5
Sludge is the human waste that is present in the waste water which is left during the sewage treatment. It is used in the production of biogas and manure. This is because it is an organic waste. Treatment: Sludge is collected and decomposed using an anaerobic bacterium.
Answer 6
Untreated human excreta contain many pathogens and disease causing microbe like cholera, diarrhea, typhoid, polio, meningitis, hepatitis etc. The germs of these diseases can easily reach human population through air, water or insects and through contaminated food and water. Thus, untreated human excreta are a health hazard.
Answer 7
Chlorine and chloramine are the major disinfectants used in public water systems
Answer 9
Poor sanitation is linked to transmission of diseases such as cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid and polio and exacerbates stunting. Poor sanitation reduces human well-being, social and economic development due to impacts such as anxiety, risk of assault, and lost educational opportunities
Answer 10
Open drains should be covered to keep our surroundings clean.
Chemicals like paints, insecticides, motor oil etc. should not be thrown in drain which may kill useful bacteria.
Used tea leaves, solid food remains, soft toys, cotton, sanitary towels, etc. should also be thrown in the dustbin.
Make people aware and encourage community practices to keep our environment clean.
Separate trash as recycled waste and non-recycled
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