2. What is upper cities?
3. Write about the features of drains in Indus sites.
4. What types of society prevailed in Indus region?
5. What is the Importance of mother goddess in Indus Valley Civilization?
Answers
Answer:
GOOD morning friends have a nice day
2.The Upper City was one of the metropolises that covered the city world Taris approximately 4000 BBY. It was inhabited by the privileged classes of Taris and featured the towering glittering spire shaped skyscrapers that dominated the planet's landscape.
3. One of the common drain of the Indus cities is Harappan Drainage system .The drainage system of the Harappan cities was the best known to the world in ancient times. The brickwork prevented the dirty water from leaking. Wooden screens stopped the solid wastes from being washed away with the water. Drains were built on either side of the roads.
4. •Indus valley civilization was matriarchial .
• Society was divided on basis of occupation
• The diet followed was veg and non veg both
• Both women and men were fashionable as they imported perfumes etc.
• They were pioneers in agriculture . They were the first to cultivate cotton.
• They traded with other civilizations of the world too.
• Possibly their form of governance was oligarchy (rule of merchant or an elite group).
• When it comes to their religious beliefs they were predominantly matriarchial but they had male god called ‘Pashupati’ too.
• They worshiped trees and secret organs too
Inspite of all this one must be aware of the fact that the harrapan script pictography is yet to be deciphered. There are a lot of speculations revolving around the findings of Indus Valley Civilization.
5. • People worshipped the Mother Goddess or Goddess of fertility. Trade and cultural contacts existed between these cities and those of Mesopotamia of which the evidence is the occurrence of the seals, as well as similar carnelian beads, knobbed pottery, etc., at both places.
• A mother goddess is represented in every ancient culture and civilization. People understood that a woman, or rather a mother, is the progenitor of life (since they give birth to children) and thus, the health, well-being and worship of the mother was considered paramount.
• A mother-deity or goddess represented the power of generation, regeneration and the cycle of life. She was the symbol of fertility and her goodwill ensured continuity of the clan, tribe or community. Later on, such a deity began to be associated with fertility of arable land, trees, etc. as well as with the common man's household.
• Not only the Indus valley civilization, but every other ancient civilization such as that of Sumer, Egypt, China, Greece and Rome worshipped a mother goddess. Even cultures older than such civilizations worshipped mother-deities and fertility goddesses, evident from archaeological evidences (eg. Venus figurines from ancient Europe) and presence of a progenitor-goddess in most of the ancient mythologies.
For example :- Some of the popular named gods - Venus of Willendorf , Seated mother-deity from Catalhoyuk, Turkey , Gaia/Gaea, another ancient representation of the mother-goddess, now used by the Wiccan religion , Shakti, the mother-goddess in Hindu mythology.
Hope it will help you