2. Write a detailed account on Earthquake under the following
headings
Definition
Focus
Epicentre
Seismic waves
Seismograph
Richter scale
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Answers
Answer:
Earthquake, any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earth’s rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in Earth’s crust is suddenly released, usually when masses of rock straining against one another suddenly fracture and “slip.” Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another. The major fault lines of the world are located at the fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make up Earth’s crust.
Explanation:
Little was understood about earthquakes until the emergence of seismology at the beginning of the 20th century. Seismology, which involves the scientific study of all aspects of earthquakes, has yielded answers to such long-standing questions as why and how earthquakes occur.
About 50,000 earthquakes large enough to be noticed without the aid of instruments occur annually over the entire Earth. Of these, approximately 100 are of sufficient size to produce substantial damage if their centres are near areas of habitation. Very great earthquakes occur on average about once per year. Over the centuries they have been responsible for millions of deaths and an incalculable amount of damage to property.
ARTHQUAKE
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WRITTEN BY
Bruce A. Bolt
Professor Emeritus of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley. Author of Earthquakes: A Primer and others.
See Article History
Alternative Title: earth tremor
Below is the full article. For the article summary, see Earthquake summary.
Earthquake, any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earth’s rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in Earth’s crust is suddenly released, usually when masses of rock straining against one another suddenly fracture and “slip.” Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another. The major fault lines of the world are located at the fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make up Earth’s crust. (See the table of major earthquakes.)
Kōbe earthquake of 1995
Kōbe earthquake of 1995
Building knocked off its foundation by the January 1995 earthquake in Kōbe, Japan.
Dr. Roger Hutchison/NGDC
earthquake-damaged neighbourhood of Port-au-Prince, Haiti
earthquake-damaged neighbourhood of Port-au-Prince, Haiti
Residents of an earthquake-damaged neighbourhood of Port-au-Prince, Haiti, seeking safety in a sports field, January 13, 2010. The magnitude-7.0 earthquake struck the region the day before.
Petty Officer 2nd Class Sondra-Kay Kneen/U.S. Coast Guard
Earthquake
QUICK FACTS
KEY PEOPLE
John Michell
Boris Borisovich, Prince Golitsyn
Charles F. Richter
Arthur L. Day
RELATED TOPICS
Tsunami
Richter scale
Moment magnitude
Aftershock
Earthquake-resistant construction
Seismic wave
Soil liquefaction
Seismology
Earthquake-resistant structure
Seismic belt
Little was understood about earthquakes until the emergence of seismology at the beginning of the 20th century. Seismology, which involves the scientific study of all aspects of earthquakes, has yielded answers to such long-standing questions as why and how earthquakes occur.
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