Question

2: Write a short note on the distinctions between the Monistic theory of
sovereignty and Pluralist theory of sovereignty
(120 words) ​

Answer 1

Answer:

The pluralist theory of sovereignty was a reaction to monistic or legal theory of sovereignty. To monistic theory state is supreme association and all other associations are he creation of state and their existence depends on the will of the sovereign power.

The pluralist theory rejects this and tries to establish that there is no single source of authority that is all competent and comprehensive.

Laski says that sovereignty is neither absolute nor a unity. It is pluralist, constitutional and responsible. State has no superior claim to an individual's allegiance. It can justify itself as a public service corporation. State exists to coordinate functions of human association in the best interest.

Another exponent of pluralist theory Robert M.Maclver propounds that state is one of the several human associations, although it exercises unique functions. Important feature of the state is supremacy of law.

Pluralists believe that state enjoys a privileged position because of its wider jurisdiction, which covers all the individuals and associations within its boundary. This does not mean that it is superior to other associations. It is also true that state has power to punish those who defy its command but that does not mean that it is absolute. The state must justify the exercise of its special powers. Pluralist is divided and limited.

The pluralist demand that the same must justify its claim to allegiance on moral grounds. Actually to them the management and control of society must be shared by various associations in proportion to their contribution to the common goods. This theory stands for the decentralization of authority.

The pluralist also rejects the distinction between state and government. They insist on a realistic political science and consider the distinction between two as artificial.

The pluralists are not against the state but would discard sovereign state with its absolute and indivisible power.