(2) Write work of Patil
Ans.
(3) Write work of Kulkarni
Ans.
Answers
Patil :
Patil (meaning "village headman") is an Indian last name and a title or surname.
In ancient times, a Patil was the head of a village working under a Deshmukh who was head of the district. Under Deccan sultanates, and the Maratha empire, the Patil was the village headman and the most important Vatandar of the village.[1] His main duties were to be the collector of revenue, as well as being the head of police and justice.
In Konkan, a Patil was called "Khot". Historian Ness writes that "what the Patil and Kulkarni were to a village, the Deshmukh or Deshpande were to the district, or Pargana".
Patil settled villages and collected revenues from the villagers, thus a Patil family typically owned 30-40 percent of village land. Colonising multiple villages promoted a Patil to a Deshmukh. The Patil was entitled to several free services from village peasants and artisans. The Patil presided over all village festivals, such as Dasara, Diwali and Holi. Patil watan was dominated by the Maratha or Kunbi caste, but there were also some Brahmins and Muslims who held this office. This watan was either purchased or granted by the king.
Kulkarni :
Kulkarni is a family name native to the Indian state of Maharashtra and Northern Karnataka. It is found among the Brahmin communities of these states such as Deshastha, Karhade and also among the Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu (CKP) community. The reason the Kulkarni was a Brahmin or CKP was because literacy was mandatory for the office. The Kulkarni operated at the village level but at a Pargana level he was known as a "Deshkulkarni", Deshpande or Nadkarni (in Karnataka).
The name "Kulkarni" is a combination of two words (kula and karni). Kula means "family", and Karanika means "archivist". Traditionally, Kulkarni was a title used for people who used to maintain the accounts and records of the villages and used to collect taxes. The title of the Kulkarni was later replaced by the Talathi. The Pargana and Kulkarni watans (land rights) were abolished in 1950.