20 characterstics of solids
Answers
The solids are characterized by incompressibility, rigidity and mechanical strength. The molecules, atoms or ions in solids are closely packed, i.e., they are held together by strong forces and cannot move about atrandom. Thus solids have definite volume, shape, slow diffusion, low vapour pressure and possess the unique property of being rigid. Such solids are known as true solids.
E.g. NaCl, KCL, Sugar, Ag, Cu, etc.
On the other hand the solid which loses shape on long standing, flows under its own weight and is easily distorted by even mild distortion force is called pseudo solid e. g. glass, pith etc.
Some solids such as NaCl, sugar, sulphur etc. have properties not only of rigidity and incompressibility but also of having typical geometrical forms. These solids are called crystalline solids. In such solids there is definite arrangement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules) throughout the entire three dimensional network of a crystal. This is named as long-range order.
This three dimensional arrangement is called crystal lattice or space lattice. Other solids such as glass, rubber, plastics etc. which have rigidity and incompressibility to a certain extent but they do not have definite geometrical forms or do not have long-range order are known as amorphous solids.
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Characteristics of Solids:
1. Solids have define shape.
2. Solids have strong intermolecular forces of attraction.
3. Solid are rigid bodies.
4. Sound travels faster through solids.
5. Solids have high melting point.
6. Solids have high boiling point.
7. Solids have definite volume.
8. Solids can't be compressed easily.
9. The atoms of solids are very near to each other.
10. Solids have very little interatomic spaces.
11. Solids have low vapour pressure.
12. Solids possess slow rate of diffusion.
13. Solid Particles have low energy.
14. Solids does not flow to take the shape of a container like liquid.
15. Solid does not expand as gas does.
16. Solids have definite mass.
17. Strong bonds are present in solids.
18. Intermolecular distances are short.
19. Solids possesses definite colour and texture.
20. Solids have high density.