Question

20. Write a word equation to represent the process of rusting of iron. Also write the chemical symbols and
formulae of all the substances involved.​

Answer 1

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In the presence of both air and water (humid air or water with dissolved oxygen), the reaction for rusting of iron or steel is:

Iron + water + oxygen produces iron(iii) oxide monohydrate + iron(ii) oxide hydroxide + iron(iii) hydroxide.

It’s better to see the real chemical equation instead of the word equation:

4Fe + 3H2O(l) + 3O2(g) = Fe2O3•H2O + FeO•OH + Fe(OH)3

Change in Free Energy: ΔG(20C) = -1461.5kJ (negative, so the reaction runs)

Change in Enthalpy: ΔH(20C) = -1652.0kJ (negative, so the reaction is exothermic)

The “red rust” that you observe is the Fe2O3•H2O.

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