21. What are chromosomes ? Explain how in sexually reproducing
organisms the no. of chromosomes in the progeny is maintained
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Chromosomes are the thread like structures having DNA and associated proteins. They transfer hereditary characters to offsprings. Sexual reproduction includes gametogenesis via meiosis and random fertilization of male and female gametes.
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During sexual reproduction, specialized haploid cells from two individuals, designated the (+) and (−) mating types, join to form a diploid zygote. The zygote immediately undergoes meiosis to form four haploid cells called spores.
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