22. What is needed for the survival of human beings and for all their activities?
Answers
Human beings have certain basic needs. We must have food, water, air, and shelter to survive. If any one of these basic needs is not met, then humans cannot survive.
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Answer:
1 Oxygen
Oxygen is possibly our most basic human need. People can begin to experience brain damage after as few as five minutes without oxygen. There are several things that may prevent you from getting the oxygen you need. Environmental risks such as high amounts of smoke, high altitudes or carbon monoxide can prevent you from breathing in oxygen. Some medical issues may prevent your body from receiving oxygen like cardiac arrest, stroke, drowning and others.
Water
Other than the air we breathe, water is the most essential component for human survival. It is estimated that a person cannot survive for more than 3-4 days without water.
In hot weather, it is recommended that the average person needs to consume two quarts of water a day to replace the amount lost due to sweating, respiration and excretion to maintain a balance of body fluids. In moderate climates, you may be able to get by on less. Some foods can also provide you with water, though you should avoid food and drink that could dehydrate you.
Food
If you have a good water supply the next essential need is that of sustenance. A body that does not have food can survive for quite a long time by subsisting on the fat reserves in the body and, eventually, the glycogen reserves in the liver and the proteins in the muscles.
The first two to three days without food, the body will depend solely on the fat reserves to run the muscles of the body. Unfortunately, these fatty acids can’t cross the blood-brain barrier. The brain relies on the glycogen reserves to send glucose to the brain.
Protection from the Elements
A shelter that helps to keep your body at a constant temperature is also a necessity. This could also include appropriate clothing. When a person is exposed to the elements, water loss is increased. Cold temperatures and high winds can strip away valuable moisture as quickly as high temperatures can cause sweat related loss. A shelter should consist of a place to make fire to create heat as well as protection from the wind and rain.
Sleep
For a long time sleep was not considered a basic human need. Studies on sleep deprivation helped to change this in the 20th century. In terms of human need, sleep is one of the five most important elements. Sleep deprivation can cause a myriad of problems ranging from decreased body temperature to cognitive impairment and hallucination.