23. Who said: "Public Policy is a purposive course of action followed by an actor or set
of actors in dealing with a problem or matters of concern'.?
(A) W. Parsons
(B) John Dewey
(C) Thomas R. Dye
(D) E. Anderson
otimate of revenues and
Answers
Answer:
LENGTH OF THE PERPENDICULAR FROM A POINT TO A STRAIGHT LINE
AND DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO PAPALLEL LINES
THEOREM
The perpendicular distance from a point P(x1, y1) to the line ax + by + c = 0 is
1 1
2 2
ax by c
a b
+ +
+
Proof:
Let the axes be translated to the point P(x1, y1).
Let (X,Y) be the new coordinates of (x, y). Then x = X + x1, y = Y + y1 The transformed
equation of the given line is
a(X + x1) + b(Y + y1) + c = 0
⇒ aX + bY + (ax1 + by1 + c) = 0
The perpendicular distance from the new origin P to the line is 1 1
2 2
ax by c
a b
+ +
+
.
(from normal form) The perpendicular distance from a point
P(x1, y1) to the line ax+ by + c = 0 is 1 1
2 2
ax by c
a b
+ +
+
.
DISTANCE BETWEEN PARALLEL LINES THEOREM
The distance between the two parallel lines ax + by + c1 = 0 and ax + by + c2 = 0 is
1 2
2 2
c c
a b
−
+ .
Proof:
Given lines are ax + by + c1 = 0 --- (1)
ax + by + c2 = 0 --- (2)
Let P(x1, y1) be a point on the line (2).