25. What was Non aligned movement? Why did India decide to be nonaligned
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Answer:
Shortly after the Second World War, the major countries of the world were divided into two groups or power blocs. The group led by the USA was called the Western Bloc. The second group was led by the former USSR and was called the Eastern Bloc. The 1950s and 1960s saw the emergence of a bitter cold war between these two blocs. In addition, numerous military pacts and alliances also divided the people of different countries. This was also the period when old colonial empires were collapsing and many countries were attaining independence. While some countries threw in their lot with either the Eastern or the Western Blocs, there were many newly independent countries such as india which did not want to join either of the two powers blocs. it was at this backdrop that the non-aligned movement (NAM) came into existence.
The founding fathers of NAM were Pandit jawaharlal nehru, president Tito of yugoslavia and president Nasser of Egypt. The NAM urged the countries not to join either of the two major alliances and remain neutral. The first Summit of NAM was held in 1961 al Belgrade.
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