Question

27. In Rutherford's experiments how was it shown that atom has an lot of empty space with in it.
Why is the nucleus of an atom positively charged?
Calculate the valency of chlorine, sulphur and magnesium ?
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Answer 1

First of all take care in which section you are asking your question . It's a chemistry Question .

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i) In Rutherford's experiment it was shown that majority of space inside a atom was empty . This conclusion was drawn since when we passed alpha - ray through the thin gold foil most of the rays passed undeflected , impling that majority of space inside the atom is empty .

Also , some of the alpha ray deflected at small angles , impling positive charge in an atom is not uniformly distributed . The positive charge is present in a very small volume.

Very few alpha rays deflected back at 180° .

ii) Nucleus of an atoms is positively charged because of the presence of protons , which are positively charged species .

iii) $\sf Here\:are\:the\: valencies$

• Chlorine has atomic number 17 , so its electronic configuration will be 2,8,7 . It will be easy for it to gain 1 electron rather than to loose 7 electrons . Hence valency of chlorine is 1.
• Sulphur has atomic number 16 , & electronic configuration of 2,8,6 . So it will gain 2 electrons and has valency 2.
• Magnesium has atomic number 12 and electronic configuration of 2, 8 , 2 . So it will loose 2 electrons and has a valency of 2.

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$\large{\underline{\underline{\red{\tt{\purple{\leadsto } Rutherford's \:Atomic\: Model\::-}}}}}$

Based on his conclusions and observation Rutherford suggested his atomic model of the elements.

➳ The positive charged particles and the mass of an atom was concentrated in a very small volume he called this region nucleus .

➳ He also suggested that the electrons around the nucleus and move in circular paths which he called orbits around the nucleus at very high speed.

➳ The nucleus being positively charged and electrons being negatively charged are held together by strong electrostatic force of attraction .

[ First attachment of Rutherford's alpha ray scattering experiment & second attachment of Rutherford's Atomic Model ]

Answer 2

Question:- In Rutherford's experiments how was it shown that atom has an lot of empty space with in it.

Answer:-⤵

Rutherford performed an experiment by allowing a stream of the alpha particles to pass through a very thin gold foil. He observed that alpha particles pass through the metal foil without deviating from their path. This shows that an atom contains a large empty space called nuclear space.

Question:- Why is the nucleus of an atom positively charged?⤵

Answer:-⤵

The nucleus is a small, dense region at the center of the atom. It consists of positive protons and neutral neutrons, so it has an overall positive charge. ... The strong nuclear force holds together protons and neutrons in the nucleus and overcomes the electric force of repulsion between protons.

Question:- How will you find the valency of chlorine, sulphur and magnesium?⤵

Answer:-⤵

If the number of electrons in the outermost shell of the atom of an element is less than or equal to 4, then the valency of the element is equal to the number of electrons in the outermost shell.