Question

28. Sudden change in environment such as fire or flood
may drastically reduce size of population. This
severe drop in population size can cause
(1) Founder effect
(2) Bottleneck effect
(3) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
(4) Gene flow​

Answer 1

Answer:

The answer is 2) Bottleneck effect

Explanation:

The Bottleneck effect or genetic bottleneck occurs when there is a subsequent reduction in population size due to sudden environmental events like fire, earthquake, flood etc. which reduces the genetic diversity of the population.

Founder effect occurs when a new population is established by a small number of individuals, thereby creating reduction in genetic variation.

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is achieved when there is no genetic variation in a population through generations due to absence of evolutionary disturbances.

Gene flow is the introduction of new genetic charecters in a population.

Thus correct answer is option 2.

Answer 2

Solution:

The severe drop in population size due to sudden changes in the environment is known as the bottleneck effect.  

Explanation:

• The bottleneck effect refers to the extremes example of genetic drift.
• The size of a population severely drops due to sudden changes in environments such as fire, earthquake, or flood.
• Hence, the bottleneck effect is the correct answer.