3. Answer the following questions in about 150 words.(a) What is biodiversity hotspot? Why is India considered as a mega biodiversityhotspot?(b) Distinguish between Biota of the Pelagic and Benthic zones of the Oceans withexamples.(C) Differentiate between the surface and ground water. Describe the factors responsiblefor degradation of water.(d) Write a short note on global carbon cycle with the help of diagram.
Answers
Explanation:
Biodiversity hotspots refers to those areas which are significant reservoir of biodiversity but they are also threatened with destruction. There are 25 areas around the world which are referred as biodiversity hotspots because they were used to biologically rich but now they have lost their 70% original habitat . India is one the them because we have definitely lost most of our natural habitat due to man- made destruction.
The main difference between benthic and pelagic is that the benthic means relating to/occurring at the bottom of a body of water while pelagic means relating to/living or occurring in the open sea. ... Benthic and pelagic are two types of aquatic living forms classified based on the zone in which they live
Groundwater is located underground in large aquifers and must be pumped out of the ground after drilling a deep well. Surface water is found in lakes, rivers and streams and is drawn into the public water supply by an intake. ... Groundwater is water contained in or by a subsurface layer of soil or rock.
A lack of water, as well as worsening conditions of water are just some of the effects of human behavior as it pertains to the world’s water supply. In fact, as pollution and mismanagement of water continues, there will continue to be many implications of these activities on water degradation. Specifically, “Decreased water quantity results in a reduction of water available for such uses as drinking and irrigation. Because there is less water, there is usually a greater concentration of pollutants and salinity in the water. This causes the quality of the stream bed to deteriorate, resulting in a reduced biodiversity of plants and animals.” In addition, Human health is at risk with the degradation of our water supply. Pathogens concentrated in our water can cause serious health problems to both humans and animals. Higher standards of living and longevity are directly related to the reduced incidence of certain diseases.
Carbon cycle is the process where carbon compounds are interchanged among the biosphere, geosphere, pedosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the earth.
Carbon Cycle Steps
Following are the major steps involved in the process of the carbon cycle:
Carbon present in the atmosphere is absorbed by plants for photosynthesis.
These plants are then consumed by animals, and carbon gets bioaccumulated into their bodies.
These animals and plants eventually die, and upon decomposing, carbon is released back into the atmosphere.
Some of the carbon that is not released back into the atmosphere eventually become fossil fuels.
These fossil fuels are then used for man-made activities, which pumps more carbon back into the atmosphere.
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