3. Answers the following questions
1) Briefly describe the structure of Tipu Sultan's rockets and how they worked?
i) Name south Asian countries?
iii) Briefly explain how climate affects agriculture,
iv)in which parts of the world are there no islamic countries?
4.lebal the diagram by using the geographical terms.
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Answers
Answer:
1) Rockets had been used in warfare since the 13th century. The Chinese had used them to defend themselves against Mongol invaders, the Mughals frequently used them on the battlefield and the Europeans had started experimenting with them by the 15th century.
However, these rockets were built with flimsy materials like cardboard and were not very effective in inflicting damage on the enemy, similar to modern-day firecrackers. Thus, their use as a weapon had been discarded in favour of cannons and other forms of artillery.
It was the de facto ruler of 18th century Mysore, Hyder Ali, who developed the first prototypes of sturdier explosives-filled rockets. His innovation was further fine-tuned by his son Tipu who planned, designed and crafted cylindrical iron tubes that would allow for great compression of the filled gunpowder and consequently, greater range (nearly 2 km).
Tipu then fastened them to swords or bamboo poles to provide stability, that woul, in turn, lead to better accuracy. Thus, the predecessor of the modern rocket was born. It had a greater range, better accuracy and a far-more destructive bang than any other rocket in use, making it the best in the world at that time.
During the Anglo-Mysore wars of the late 1700s, Mysorean rockets were used by Tipu to great effect.
Especially during the Battle of Pollilur (the Second Anglo-Mysore War in 1780), when a devastating barrage by Tipu’s rocket corps set fire to the East India Company’s ammunition dumps to hand the British army one of its worst ever defeats in India.
The shocked British infantry had never seen the likes of them before and quite literally didn’t know what hit them. Such was their fear and confusion that British soldiers would go on to describe the iron tubes of gunpowder mounted on swords of Tipu’s army as “flying plagues”
Major Dirom, who was the deputy adjutant general of British forces in India in 1793, later described the rockets used by the Mysorean army as “Some of the rockets had a chamber, and burst like shells; others, called ground rockets, had a serpentine motion, and on striking the ground, rose again, and bounded along till their force be spent.”
Utilizing the advantage provided by the superior quality of hammered iron available in Mysore, Tipu also established four taramandalpets (that translates to ‘star-cluster bazaars’) at Srirangapatna, Bangalore, Chitradurga and Bidanur (present-day Nagara in central Karnataka) to conduct research on rocket technology.
At this medieval tech parks, craftsmen-turned-rocketmen conducted experiments to improve the iron casting, accuracy and range of the rockets. Furthermore, they were taught basic calculations to help them fine-tune launch settings that would allow rockets of different sizes and weights to hit targets varying distances and elevations. For instance, wheeled carts were fitted with multiple rocket ramps so as to allow the rocket artillery brigades (called cushoons) to launch about a dozen missiles at a time.
2) South Asia, subregion of Asia, consisting of the Indo-Gangetic Plain and peninsular India. It includes the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka; Afghanistan and the Maldives are often considered part of South Asia as well.
3)Climate change can disrupt food availability, reduce access to food, and affect food quality. For example, projected increases in temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, changes in extreme weather events, and reductions in water availability may all result in reduced agricultural productivity.
4) The Americas. Despite what the alt-right might tell you, Muslims make up about 1.1%,of the population of the USA and 3.2% of Canada, and the number is much lower throughout the rest of both North and South America, except Guyana (7.2%) and Suriname where the ethnic Indian population pushes the number up to nearly 20%.
Sub-Saharan Africa. Obviously Christians and Muslims fight for souls in the Sahel, but the further southwest you get, the more Christian it becomes. Away from the Sahel and the east coast, there's not too many Muslims, eg Namibia: 0.4%; Angola: 1.0%; Republic of the Congo: 1.6%: Zambia: 1%; Lesotho: <0.1%; etc.
East Asia: Japan, both Koreas and Taiwan have almost no Muslims. China has a few but these are mainly in the far west and of course they don't have complete freedom.
Southeast Asia: Indonesia is of course the world's largest Muslim country, and Brunei and Malaysia are officially Muslim, with some Malaysian states having a version of Shariah law, but if you get further north, there's not many Muslims: Thailand: 5.8%, Myanmar: 2.3%, Cambodia: 1.9%, Laos: <0.1%, Vietnam: 0.2, Philippines: 5-11% (mostly in the far south).
Australia and the South Pacific: Australia has about 2.6% Muslims. Some of the South Pacific islands are very devoutly Christian and have virtually no Muslims
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Answer:
Answer is in explanation
Explanation:
Tipu Sultan was the first person to use Rockets in warfare. devar made up of iron with the bamboo pole attached to them by leather strap. their skimmed a long round and did great damage when they hit. there were five thousand rocketeers in Tipu's army at Seringapatam, where they caused much harm to the British troops.