3. Briefly explain the vegetative reproduction methods by stem.
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Vegetative propagation is probably something very peculiar to plants. The very same feature is also exploited for the commercial value and by avid gardeners who know their plants well. You don’t always need seeds to grow plants. New plants can grow from older plants, through the method of vegetative propagation such as grafting and budding. It is a form of asexual reproduction seen in plants. Here only a single plant is involved and the offspring that arises is identical, both genetically and morphologically to the parent plant.
Vegetative propagation occurs through vegetative plant structures. In non-vascular plants, the vegetative reproductive structures are gemmae and spores whereas, in vascular plants, the roots, stems, leaves, and nodes are the structures that are involved in the propagation. You have learned about the meristem tissue in plants. The same tissue helps in the vegetative propagation. This tissue has undifferentiated cells which divide paving way for the growth of the plant. From the meristems, specialized permanent tissues are formed.