3. Define the (i) Nitrogen fixation (ii ) Nitrification (iii ) Mycorrhiza (iv) Biodeterioration (v) Spawning (vi) Denitrification
Answers
Answer:
(i) Nitrogen fixation :- the chemical processes by which atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into organic compounds, especially by certain microorganisms as part of the nitrogen cycle.
(ii ) Nitrification :- the oxidation (as by bacteria) of ammonium salts to nitrites and the further oxidation of nitrites to nitrates.
(iii ) Mycorrhiza :- Mycorrhizae are a symbiotic association between plant roots and fungi.
(iv) Biodeterioration :- the breakdown of materials by microbial action.
(v) Spawning :- The eggs of aquatic animals such as bivalve mollusks, fishes, and amphibians.
(vi) Denitrification :- Denitrification is the microbial process of reducing nitrate and nitrite to gaseous forms of nitrogen.
Explanation:
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Nitrogen fixation:
It is an important activity that occurs at the start of the nitrogen cycle. Some species like Rhizobium, and others, convert nitrogen present in the atmosphere into ammonia in this process.
Nitrification:
Another crucial phase in the global nitrogen cycle is nitrification, which converts ammonia to nitrite. It is further converted into nitrate. The majority of nitrification happens aerobically and is solely carried out by prokaryotes.
Mycorrhizae:
It is a symbiotic relationship. It occurs between fungi and plants that produce mycorrhiza. The plants give the fungus sugar through photosynthesis, and the fungus, in turn, provides the plant with important elements such as phosphorus.
Biodeterioration:
It is the microbiological decomposition of materials.
Spawning:
It is the process of inoculating a culture into a substrate.
Denitrification:
It is the process that converts nitrate and forms gaseous nitrogen. It is then releasing the nitrogen component back into the atmosphere.