Question

3. Describe the main features of the Permanent
Settlement.

4. How was the mahalwari system different from the
Permanent Settlement?
system of fixing revenue,

5. Give two problems which arose with the new Munro

6. Why were ryots reluctant to grow indigo?

7. What were the circumstances which led to the
eventual collapse of indigo production in Bengal?

5. Give two problems which arose with the new Munro​

Answer 1

Explanation:

1. Answer: Following were the main features of the Permanent Settlement: (a)The rajas and taluqdars were recognised as zamindars. (b)They were responsible for collecting revenue from peasants and paying to the Company. (c)Revenue demand was permanently fixed

Answer 2

Explanation:

Ans.3= Following were the main features of the Permanent Settlement:

(a)The rajas and taluqdars were recognised as zamindars.

(b)They were responsible for collecting revenue from peasants and paying to the Company.

(c)Revenue demand was permanently fixed.

Ans4 =Under the Permanent Settlement the revenue was fixed or decided as per the land holdings of the peasants; In Mahalwari system revenue was to be paid by village known as mahal. In Permanent Settlement, there was no provision of any revision of the revenue. But in Mahalwari System the revenue was to be revised periodically. In Permanent Settlement the zamindars collected the revenue. But in Mahalwari systern the village headman had to collect the revenue.

Ans 5= two problems of which arose with the new Munro:

(a) The revenue officials fixed too high a revenue demand. As a result the peasants failed to pay, ryots fled the country side, and villages became in many regions.

(b) The optimistic officials had imagined that the new systems would transforms. But this never happened.

Ans6 =The ryots were reluctant to grow indigo due to the following reasons:

They were paid very low-prices for it.

They found that they would never earn any profit from the indigo plantation.

The farmers were insisted to grow indigo on the fertile parts of their land by the planters, but they preferred growing rice on the best soils. This is because once indigo was cultivated, the fertility of the soil decreased. So, after an indigo harvest, the land could not be used for sowing rice.

Ans7=The indigo cultivators in Bengal were given loans but for that they had to grow indigo on at least 25 percent of the area under their holdings. The planters provided only seed and drill. The rest of works till the crops was harvested, was to be done by the ryots. The price the ryots got for their indigo, was very low. They had to take loans to repay their previous loans. Thus, the cycle of loan was never ending. The planters usually insisted that indigo should be cultivated on the best soils in which peasants preferred to cultivate rice. The indigo crops exhausted the soil rapidly. After an indigo harvest, the land could not be sown with rice. All these circumstances made the situation very grave and finally the indigo production collapsed in Bengal.