3. Fill in the blanks. (a) Many women participated in the war of in India. (emancipation/independence/ oppression) (b) Sati was abolished because of the efforts of (Raja Ram Mohan Roy/ Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar/Rabindranath Tagore) (c) was the only woman to have ruled Delhi during medieval times. (Nur Jehan/Begum Hazrat Mahal/Razia Sultana) (d) The Government has reserved seats in local governing bodies for women to ensure their representation. (one half/one third one fourth) (e) The first woman to have won an Olympic medal is (Sania Mirza/PT Usha/ Karnam Malleshwari)
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The Bengal Renaissance, also known as the Bengali Renaissance, was a cultural, social, intellectual, and artistic movement that took place in the Bengal region of the British Raj, from the late 18th century to the early 20th century.[1] Historians have traced the beginnings of the movement to the victory of the British East India Company at the 1757 Battle of Plassey, as well as the works of reformer Raja Rammohan Roy, considered the "Father of the Bengal Renaissance," born in 1772.[2] Nitish Sengupta stated that the movement "can be said to have … ended with Rabindranath Tagore," Asia’s first Nobel laureate.[3]
For almost two centuries, the Bengal renaissance saw the radical transformation of Indian society, and its ideas have been attributed to the rise of Indian anticolonialist and nationalist thought and activity during this period.[4] The philosophical basis of the movement was its unique version of liberalism and modernity.[5] According to Sumit Sarkar, the pioneers and works of this period were revered and regarded with nostalgia throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, however, due to a new focus on its colonialist origins, a more critical view emerged in the 1970s.[6]
The Bengal renaissance was predominantly led by upper caste Bengali Hindus under the patronage of the Crown.[7] Sengupta attributes the movement to the emergence and development of the "cultural characteristics of the Bengali people" beginning in the age of the late medieval Sultan of Bengal, Alauddin Husain Shah, but also notes that "it remained predominantly Hindu and only partially Muslim."[8] There were, nevertheless, Muslim figures who had major influence on the movement, including Kazi Nazrul Islam and Rokeya Sakhawat Hussain.[9]
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